多态: 当存在多个类依次继承(呈瀑布型继承),当在主函数中实例化最底层(辈份最小)的类时,构造函数的调用顺序是从最高辈分的类到最底层类。
----A superclass references refers to a subclass object. (note the opposite is a syntax error.)
e.g:
Animal [0] = new Dog();// Animal[0] is super reference, and the Dog() is the new object.
Abstract Classes and Methods
1. An abstract method is declared using keyword abstract.
2.Once a class has at least one abstract method, it must be declared as abstract class.
3.Important: abstract classes cannot be used to instantiate objects, because they are incomplete.
4.If a superclass is an abstract class, its subclasses must implement all the abstract methods in orde