#进阶5:分组查询
语法:
select 分组函数,列(要求出现在group by的后面)
from 表
【where 筛选条件】
group by 分组的列表
【order by 子句】
注:
查询列表必须特殊,要求是分组函数和group by后出现的字段
特点:
1.分组查询筛选分为两类
分组前筛选 原始表 group by子句的前面 where
分组后筛选 分组后的结果集 group by子句的后面 having
2.分组函数做条件肯定放在having子句中
3.能用分组前筛选的,优先考虑
4.支持单个字段分组,多个字段分组,表达式或函数
5.也可以添加排序(放在最后)
#案例1:查询每个工种的最高工资
SELECT MAX(salary) 最高工资,job_id 工种
FROM employees
GROUP BY job_id
ORDER BY 最高工资;
#案例2:查询每个位置上的部门个数
SELECT COUNT(*),location_id
FROM departments
GROUP BY location_id;
#添加分组前筛选条件
#案例1:查询邮箱中包含a字符的,每个部门的平均工资
SELECT AVG(salary),department_id
FROM employees
WHERE email LIKE '%a%'
GROUP BY department_id;
#案例2:查询有奖金的每个领导手下员工的最高工资
SELECT MAX(salary),manager_id
FROM employees
WHERE commission_pct IS NOT NULL
GROUP BY manager_id;
#添加分组后的筛选条件
#案例1:查询哪个部门的员工个数>2
SELECT COUNT(*),department_id
FROM employees
GROUP BY department_id
HAVING COUNT(*)>2;
#案例2:查询每个工种有奖金的员工的最高工资>12000的工种编号和工资
#1.查询每个工种有奖金的最高工资
SELECT MAX(salary),job_id
FROM employees
WHERE commission_pct IS NOT NULL
GROUP BY job_id;
#2.由1继续筛选,最高工资>12000
SELECT MAX(salary),job_id
FROM employees
WHERE commission_pct IS NOT NULL
GROUP BY job_id
HAVING MAX(salary)>12000;
#案例3:查询领导编号>102的每个领导手下的最低工资>5000的领导编号是哪个,以及其最低工资
SELECT MIN(salary),manager_id
FROM employees
WHERE manager_id>102
GROUP BY manager_id
HAVING MIN(salary)>5000;
#按表达式或函数分组
#案例:按员工姓名的长度分组,查询每一组的员工个数,筛选员工个数>5的有哪些
SELECT COUNT(*),LENGTH(last_name)
FROM employees
GROUP BY LENGTH(last_name)
HAVING COUNT(*)>5;
#按多个字段分组
#案例:查询每个部门每个工种的员工的平均工资
SELECT AVG(salary),department_id,job_id
FROM employees
GROUP BY department_id,job_id;/*两者一样分为一组*/
#添加排序
#案例:查询每个部门每个工种的员工的平均工资,并按工资高低显示
SELECT AVG(salary),department_id,job_id
FROM employees
GROUP BY department_id,job_id
ORDER BY AVG(salary) DESC;
#测验
SELECT MAX(salary),MIN(salary),AVG(salary),SUM(salary),job_id
FROM employees
GROUP BY job_id
ORDER BY job_id;
SELECT MIN(salary),manager_id
FROM employees
WHERE manager_id IS NOT NULL
GROUP BY manager_id
HAVING MIN(salary)>=6000;
SELECT department_id,AVG(salary),COUNT(*)
FROM employees
GROUP BY department_id
ORDER BY AVG(salary);
SELECT COUNT(*),job_id
FROM employees
GROUP BY job_id;