网络编程
1.1 概述
-
地球村
-
打电话:通话 TCP
- 发短信:接收 UDP
-
计算机网络:将地理位置不同的具有独立功能的多台计算机及其外部设备,通过通信线路连接起来,在网络操作系统中,网络管理软件及网络通信协议的管理和协调下,实现资源共享和信息传递的计算机系统。
-
网络编程的目的:无线电台,传播信息交流,数据交换,通信
-
想要达到这个效果需要什么:
- 如何准确地定位网络上的一台主机,192.168.16.124:端口,定位到这个计算机上的某个资源
- 找到这个主机,如何传输数据
-
javaweb:网页编程 B/S 网络编程:TCP/IP C/S
1.2 网络通信的要素
人工智能:智能汽车(伦理问题)
如何实现网络通信:通信双方的地址
- ip:192.168.16.124
- 端口号:5900
规则:网络通信的协议(TCP/IP,OSI七层模型)
- 小结:
- 网络编程中有两个主要的问题
- 如何准确的定位到网络上一台或者多台主机
- 网络编程中的要素
- IP和端口号 IP
- 网络通信协议 UDP、TCP
- 万物皆对象
- 网络编程中有两个主要的问题
1.3 IP
ip地址:InetAddress
-
唯一定位一台网络上计算机,查看本机ip:ipconfig
-
127.0.0.1:本机localhost
-
ip地址的分类
-
IPV4 / IPV6
- IPV4: 127.0.0.1,4个字节组成,0~255,42亿个,30亿都在北美,亚洲4亿,2011年就用尽了
- IPV6: fe80::915d:470e:d522:4339%16,128位,8个无符号整数!abcde 0~9
2001: 0bb2: aaaa: 0015: 0000: 0000: 1aaa: 1312
-
公网(互联网)- 私网(局域网)
- 192.168.xx.xx: 专门给组织内部使用的
- ABCDE: A类适用的类型为大型网络;B类适用的类型为中型网络;C类适用的类型为小型网络。
-
-
域名:记忆IP问题
- IP:www.vip.com
public class TestInetAddress {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
//查询本机地址
InetAddress inetAddress1 = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
System.out.println(inetAddress1);
InetAddress inetAddress2 = InetAddress.getByName("localhost");
System.out.println(inetAddress2);
InetAddress inetAddress3 = InetAddress.getLocalHost();
System.out.println(inetAddress2);
//查询网站ip地址
InetAddress inetAddress4 = InetAddress.getByName("www.baidu.com");
System.out.println(inetAddress4);
//常用方法
// System.out.println(inetAddress4.getAddress());
System.out.println(inetAddress4.getCanonicalHostName()); //规范的名字
System.out.println(inetAddress4.getHostAddress()); //ip
System.out.println(inetAddress4.getHostName()); //域名,或者自己电脑的名字
} catch (UnknownHostException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
1.4 端口
端口表示计算机上一个程序的进程
-
不同的进程有不同的端口号,端口号不能冲突,用来区分软件
-
端口被规定 0~65535
-
TCP,UDP:65535 * 2,单个协议下,端口号不能冲突
-
端口分类
- 公有端口0~1023
- HTTP:80
- HTTPS:443
- FTP:21
- Telent:23
- 程序注册端口:1014~49151,分配用户或者程序
- Tomcat 8080
- MySQL:3306
- Oracle:1521
- 动态、私有:49152~65535
public class TestInetSocketAddress { public static void main(String[] args) { InetSocketAddress socketAddress1 = new InetSocketAddress("127.0.0.1", 8080); InetSocketAddress socketAddress2 = new InetSocketAddress("localhost", 8080); System.out.println(socketAddress1); System.out.println(socketAddress2); System.out.println(socketAddress2.getAddress()); System.out.println(socketAddress2.getHostName()); //地址 System.out.println(socketAddress2.getPort()); //端口 } }
netstat -ano # 查看所有的端口 netstat -ano|findstr "5900" # 查看指定的端口 tasklist|findstr "8696" # 查看指定端口的进程 Ctrl + Shift +Esc # 打开任务管理器
- 公有端口0~1023
1.5 通信协议
协议:约定,互相说普通话
网络通信协议:速率,传输的码率,代码结构,传输控制…(非常复杂)
大事化小:分层!
TCP/IP协议簇:实际上一组协议
重要:
- TCP用户传输协议,UDP用户数据报协议(传输层)
出名的协议:
-
TCP
-
IP:网络互连协议
1.5.1 TCP、UDP对比
TCP:打电话
-
连接,稳定
-
三次握手
四次挥手
- A:你瞅啥? B:瞅你咋地? A:干一场!(最少需要三次保证稳定连接)
- A:我要走了。 B:你真的要走了么? B:你真的真的要走了么? A:我真的要走了。
-
客户端、服务端:有明确的界限
-
传输完成,释放连接,效率低
UDP:发短信
- 不连接,不稳定
- 客户端、服务端:没有明确的界限
- 不管有没有准备好,都可以发给你
- DDOS:洪水工具!饱和攻击
1.6 TCP
- 客户端
- 连接服务器 Socket
- 发送消息
//客户端
public class TcpClientDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Socket socket = null;
OutputStream os = null;
try {
//1.要知道服务器的地址
InetAddress serverIP = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
//2.端口号
int port = 9999;
//3.创建一个socket连接
socket = new Socket(serverIP, port);
//4.发送消息 IO
os = socket.getOutputStream();
os.write("你好,欢迎学习狂神说Java".getBytes());
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
if (os != null){
try {
os.close();
} catch (IOException exception) {
exception.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (socket != null){
try {
socket.close();
} catch (IOException exception) {
exception.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}
- 服务器
- 建立服务端口 ServerSocket
- 等待用户的连接 accept
- 接收用户的消息
//服务端
public class TcpServerDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ServerSocket serverSocket =null;
Socket socket =null;
InputStream is =null;
ByteArrayOutputStream baos = null;
try {
//1.我得有一个地址(插座)
serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9999);
//2.等待客户端连接过来
while (true){
socket = serverSocket.accept();
//3.读取客户端的消息
is = socket.getInputStream();
/*
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len=is.read(buffer)) != -1){
String msg = new String(buffer, 0, len);
System.out.println(msg);
}
*/
//管道流
baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len=is.read(buffer)) != -1){
baos.write(buffer, 0, len);
}
System.out.println(baos.toString());
}
} catch (IOException exception) {
exception.printStackTrace();
} finally{
//关闭资源
//谁先接的谁先断开
if (baos != null){
try {
baos.close();
} catch (IOException exception) {
exception.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (is != null){
try {
is.close();
} catch (IOException exception) {
exception.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (socket != null){
try {
socket.close();
} catch (IOException exception) {
exception.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (serverSocket != null){
try {
serverSocket.close();
} catch (IOException exception) {
exception.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}
1.6.1 文件上传
- 客户端
public class TcpClientDemo02 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
//1.创建一个Socket连接
Socket socket = new Socket(InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"), 9000);
//2.创建一个输出流
OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
// 3.读取文件
FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(
new File("D:\\NEU\\learn\\java\\project\\src\\ip\\yy\\lesson02\\huo2.jpg"));
//4.写出文件
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len = fis.read(buffer)) != -1){
os.write(buffer, 0, len);
}
//通知服务器,我已经传输完了
socket.shutdownOutput();
//5.确定服务器接收完毕,才能够断开连接
InputStream is = socket.getInputStream();
//String byte[]
ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
byte[] buffer2 = new byte[1024];
int len2;
while ((len2 = is.read(buffer2)) != -1){
baos.write(buffer2, 0, len2);
}
System.out.println(baos.toString());
//6.关闭资源
fis.close();
os.close();
socket.close();
} catch (IOException exception) {
exception.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
- 服务器端
public class TcpServerDemo02 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
//1.创建服务
ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9000);
//2.监听客户端的连接:阻塞式监听,会一直等待客户端连接
Socket socket = serverSocket.accept();
//3.获取输入流
InputStream is = socket.getInputStream();
//4.文件输出
FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(new File("receive.jpg"));
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len = is.read(buffer)) != -1){
fos.write(buffer, 0, len);
}
//5.通知客户端接收完毕了
OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
os.write("我接受完毕了,你可以断开了!".getBytes());
//6.关闭资源
fos.close();
is.close();
socket.close();
serverSocket.close();
} catch (IOException exception) {
exception.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
1.6.2 Tomcat
服务端
- 自定义 S
- Tomcat服务器 S:Java后台开发
客户端
- 自定义 C
- 浏览器 B
1.7 UDP
发短信:不用连接,需要知道对方的地址
- 发送端:发送消息
//不需要连接服务器
public class UdpClientDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws SocketException {
try {
//1.建立一个Scoket
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(8080);
//2.建个包
String msg = "你好啊,服务器!";
//发送给谁
InetAddress localhost = InetAddress.getByName("localhost");
int port = 9090;
//数据,数据的长度,发送给谁
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(msg.getBytes(), 0, msg.getBytes().length, localhost, port);
//3.发送包
socket.send(packet);
//4.关闭流
socket.close();
} catch (IOException exception) {
exception.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
- 接收端:接收消息
//还是要等待客户端的连接
public class UdpServerDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
//开放端口
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(9090);
//接收数据包
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(buffer, 0, buffer.length);
//阻塞接收
socket.receive(packet);
System.out.println(packet.getAddress().getHostAddress());
System.out.println(new String(packet.getData(), 0, packet.getLength()));
//关闭连接
socket.close();
} catch (IOException exception) {
exception.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
1.7.1 咨询
- 循环发送消息
public class UdpSenderDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(8888);
//准备数据:控制台读取System.in
BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
while (true){
String data = reader.readLine();
byte[] datas = data.getBytes();
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(datas, 0, datas.length,
new InetSocketAddress("localhost", 6666));
socket.send(packet);
if (data.equals("bye")){
break;
}
}
socket.close();
} catch (IOException exception) {
exception.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
- 循环接收消息
public class UdpReceiveDemo02 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(6666);
while (true){
//准备接受包裹
byte[] container = new byte[1024];
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(container, 0, container.length);
socket.receive(packet);
//断开连接 bye
byte[] data = packet.getData();
String receiveData = new String(data, 0, data.length);
System.out.println(receiveData);
if (receiveData.equals("bye")){
break;
}
}
socket.close();
} catch (IOException exception) {
exception.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
1.7.2 在线咨询
两个人都可以是发送方,也可以是接收方
- 发送方
public class TalkSend implements Runnable{
DatagramSocket socket = null;
BufferedReader reader = null;
private int fromPort;
private String toIP;
private int toPort;
public TalkSend(int fromPort, String toIP, int toPort) {
this.fromPort = fromPort;
this.toIP = toIP;
this.toPort = toPort;
try {
socket = new DatagramSocket(fromPort);
reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
@Override
public void run() {
while (true){
try {
String data = reader.readLine();
byte[] datas = data.getBytes();
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(datas, 0, datas.length,
new InetSocketAddress(this.toIP, this.toPort));
socket.send(packet);
if (data.equals("bye")){
break;
}
} catch (IOException exception) {
exception.printStackTrace();
}
}
socket.close();
}
}
- 接收方
public class TalkReceive implements Runnable{
DatagramSocket socket = null;
private int port;
private String msgFrom;
public TalkReceive(int port, String msgFrom) {
this.port = port;
this.msgFrom = msgFrom;
try {
socket = new DatagramSocket(port);
} catch (SocketException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
@Override
public void run() {
while (true){
try {
//准备接受包裹
byte[] container = new byte[1024];
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(container, 0, container.length);
socket.receive(packet);
//断开连接 bye
byte[] data = packet.getData();
String receiveData = new String(data, 0, data.length);
System.out.println(msgFrom + ":" + receiveData);
if (receiveData.equals("bye")){
break;
}
} catch (IOException exception) {
exception.printStackTrace();
}
}
socket.close();
}
}
public class TalkTeacher {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new Thread(new TalkSend(5555, "localhost", 8888)).start();
new Thread(new TalkReceive(9999, "学生")).start();
}
}
public class TalkStudent {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//开启两个线程
new Thread(new TalkSend(7777, "localhost", 9999)).start();
new Thread(new TalkReceive(8888, "老师")).start();
}
}
1.8 URL
https://www.baidu.com/
统一资源定位符:定位资源的,定位互联网上的某一个资源
DNS 域名解析 www.baidu.com/ xxx.xxx.xxx
- 协议://ip地址:端口/项目名/资源
public class URLDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws MalformedURLException {
URL url = new URL("http://localhost:8080/helloworld/index.jsp?username=kuangshen&password=123");
System.out.println(url.getProtocol()); //协议
System.out.println(url.getHost()); //主机ip
System.out.println(url.getPort()); //端口
System.out.println(url.getPath()); //文件地址
System.out.println(url.getFile()); //文件全路径
System.out.println(url.getQuery()); //参数
}
}
- 网络资源下载
public class UrlDown {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//1.下载地址
URL url = new URL("");
//2.连接到这个资源 HTTP
HttpURLConnection urlConnection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
InputStream inputStream = urlConnection.getInputStream();
FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream("tu.jpg");
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while((len=inputStream.read(buffer)) != -1){
fos.write(buffer, 0, len);//写出这个数据
}
fos.close();
inputStream.close();
urlConnection.connect();
}
}