drf之day04: drf请求与响应，drf能够解析的请求编码，响应编码，drf之视图组件，2个视图基类

一：drf之请求与响应

1.Request类

1.继承APIView后，请求对象requests每次请求都是一个新的request

2.data: POST, PUT, PATCH请求方式解析后的数据

3.原生django，put提交的数据在request.POST中是娶不到的

4.其他方法用起来和之前是一样的（method, FILES, path)

2.Response类

参数	功能
data=None	把字典，列表序列化成json格式字符串，放到http请求的body中，返回给前端
status=None	http响应状态码，默认是200, 201
headers=None	http的响应头，是字典格式：{‘name’: ‘zhang’}
template_name=None	在浏览器中看到好看的页面，指定的模板
content_type=None	响应编码格式(json)

二.drf能够解析的请求编码，响应编码

1.请求编码

1.默认能解析的请求编码

• urlencoded,form-data, json

2.如何配置请求编码

其实在drf内置的配置文件中提前就配好了请求编码

drf配置文件settings.py中有DEFAULT_PARSER_CLASSES（默认的解析类）

'rest_framework.parsers.JSONParser', 可以解析json格式
'rest_framework.parsers.FormParser', 可以解析urlencoded格式
'rest_framework.parsers.MultiPartParser' 可以解析form-data格式

方式一：全局配置

REST_FRAMEWORK = {
                'DEFAULT_PARSER_CLASSES': [
                    'rest_framework.parsers.JSONParser',
                    # 'rest_framework.parsers.FormParser',
                    # 'rest_framework.parsers.MultiPartParser',
                ],
            }

方式二：局部配置

from rest_framework.parsers import JSONParser, FormParser, MultiPartParser

class TestView(APIView):
    		parser_classes = [JSONParser,FormParser,MultiPartParser]

2.响应编码

如果用浏览器接收响应，看到的是好看的页面，如果用postman，看到的是json格式

默认情况下，响应的编码是根据客户端类型决定的

方式一：全局配置

    REST_FRAMEWORK = {
        'DEFAULT_RENDERER_CLASSES': [
            # 'rest_framework.renderers.JSONRenderer', # json格式
            'rest_framework.renderers.BrowsableAPIRenderer', #浏览器的格式
        ]
    }

方式二：局部配置

from rest_framework.renderers import JSONRenderer, BrowsableAPIRenderer

class TestView(APIView):
    renderer_classes = [JSONRenderer,]

三：drf之视图组件

1.由于drf提供了一个顶层的视图类APIView，以后直接继承APIView写视图类即可

2.后期可以使用面向对象的继承，封装

四：2个视图基类

1.APIView

2.GenericAPIView(继承了APIView)

3.方法：

方法	作用
self.get_object()	根据pk获取单个数据
self.get_serializer()	获取要使用的序列化类
self.get_queryset()	获取所有要序列化的数据

作业：

一：继承GenericAPIView，实现5个接口

models.py

class Book(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=32)
    price = models.CharField(max_length=32)
    publish = models.CharField(max_length=32)

serializer.py

class BookSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = Book
        fields = '__all__'

views.py

class BookView(GenericAPIView):
    queryset = Book.objects.all()
    serializer_class = BookSerializer

    def get(self, request):
        book_list = self.get_queryset()
        ser = self.get_serializer(instance=book_list, many=True)
        return Response(data=ser.data)

    def post(self, request):
        ser = self.get_serializer(data=request.data)
        if ser.is_valid():
            ser.save()
            return Response(ser.data)
        else:
            return Response(ser.errors)


class BookDetailView(GenericAPIView):
    queryset = Book.objects.all()
    serializer_class = BookSerializer

    def get(self, request, pk):
        book = self.get_object()
        ser = self.get_serializer(instance=book)
        return Response(ser.data)

    def put(self, request, pk):
        book = self.get_object()
        ser = self.get_serializer(instance=book, data=request.data)
        if ser.is_valid():
            ser.save()
            return Response(ser.data)
        else:
            return Response({'code': 100, 'msg': '修改成功'})

    def delete(self, request, pk):
        self.get_queryset().filter(pk=pk).delete()
        return Response('ok')

urls.py

    path('books/', views.BookView.as_view()),
    path('books/<int:pk>/', views.BookDetailView.as_view()),

二：2 使用面向对象，写5个父类， 继承GenericAPIView+某几个父类后，就有某几个接口

• 方法一：

class CheckOne(GenericAPIView):
    queryset = Book.objects.all()
    serializer_class = BookSerializer

    def get(self, request, pk):
        book = self.get_object()
        ser = self.get_serializer(instance=book)
        return Response(ser.data)


class CheckAll(GenericAPIView):
    queryset = Book.objects.all()
    serializer_class = BookSerializer

    def get(self, request):
        book_list = self.get_queryset()
        ser = self.get_serializer(instance=book_list, many=True)
        return Response(data=ser.data)


class AddOne(GenericAPIView):
    queryset = Book.objects.all()
    serializer_class = BookSerializer

    def post(self, request):
        ser = self.get_serializer(data=request.data)
        if ser.is_valid():
            ser.save()
            return Response(ser.data)
        else:
            return Response(ser.errors)


class ChangeOne(GenericAPIView):
    queryset = Book.objects.all()
    serializer_class = BookSerializer

    def put(self, request, pk):
        book = self.get_object()
        ser = self.get_serializer(instance=book, data=request.data)
        if ser.is_valid():
            ser.save()
            return Response(ser.data)
        else:
            return Response({'code': 100, 'msg': '修改成功'})


class DeleteOne(GenericAPIView):
    queryset = Book.objects.all()
    serializer_class = BookSerializer

    def delete(self, request, pk):
        self.get_queryset().filter(pk=pk).delete()
        return Response('ok')


class BookView(CheckAll, AddOne):
    def __init__(self):
        super(CheckAll, self).__init__()
        super(AddOne, self).__init__()


class BookDetailView(CheckOne, ChangeOne, DeleteOne):
    def __init__(self):
        super(CheckOne, self).__init__()
        super(ChangeOne, self).__init__()
        super(DeleteOne, self).__init__()

• 方法二：

class CheckOne:
    def get(self, request, pk):
        book = self.get_object()
        ser = self.get_serializer(instance=book)
        return Response(ser.data)
    
class CheckAll:
    def get(self, request):
        book_list = self.get_queryset()
        ser = self.get_serializer(instance=book_list, many=True)
        return Response(data=ser.data)

class AddOne:
    def post(self, request):
        ser = self.get_serializer(data=request.data)
        if ser.is_valid():
            ser.save()
            return Response(ser.data)
        else:
            return Response(ser.errors)

class ChangeOne:
    def put(self, request, pk):
        book = self.get_object()
        ser = self.get_serializer(instance=book, data=request.data)
        if ser.is_valid():
            ser.save()
            return Response(ser.data)
        else:
            return Response({'code': 100, 'msg': '修改成功'})

class DeleteOne:
    def delete(self, request, pk):
        self.get_queryset().filter(pk=pk).delete()
        return Response('ok')

class BookView(GenericAPIView, CheckAll, AddOne):
    queryset = Book.objects.all()
    serializer_class = BookSerializer
    def __init__(self):
        super(CheckAll, self).__init__()
        super(AddOne, self).__init__()

class BookDetailView(GenericAPIView, CheckOne, ChangeOne, DeleteOne):
    queryset = Book.objects.all()
    serializer_class = BookSerializer
    def __init__(self):
        super(CheckOne, self).__init__()
        super(ChangeOne, self).__init__()
        super(DeleteOne, self).__init__()

三：写9个视图子类

# Create your views here.

# 1：查看一条数据
class CheckOne:
    def get(self, request, pk):
        book = self.get_object()
        ser = self.get_serializer(instance=book)
        return Response(ser.data)
# 2：查看所有数据
class CheckAll:
    def get(self, request):
        book_list = self.get_queryset()
        ser = self.get_serializer(instance=book_list, many=True)
        return Response(data=ser.data)
# 3.增加一条数据
class AddOne:
    def post(self, request):
        ser = self.get_serializer(data=request.data)
        if ser.is_valid():
            ser.save()
            return Response(ser.data)
        else:
            return Response(ser.errors)
# 4：修改一条数据
class ChangeOne:
    def put(self, request, pk):
        book = self.get_object()
        ser = self.get_serializer(instance=book, data=request.data)
        if ser.is_valid():
            ser.save()
            return Response(ser.data)
        else:
            return Response({'code': 100, 'msg': '修改成功'})
# 5：删除一条数据
class DeleteOne:
    def delete(self, request, pk):
        self.get_queryset().filter(pk=pk).delete()
        return Response('ok')

# 6：查看所有+增加一条
class GetAllandPost(CheckAll, AddOne):
    def __init__(self):
        super(CheckAll, self).__init__()
        super(AddOne, self).__init__()

# 7：查看一条+修改一条
class GetOneandPut(CheckOne, ChangeOne):
    def __init__(self):
        super(CheckOne, self).__init__()
        super(ChangeOne, self).__init__()

# 8：查看一条+删除一条
class GetOneandDelete(CheckOne, DeleteOne):
    def __init__(self):
        super(CheckOne, self).__init__()
        super(DeleteOne, self).__init__()
# 9：删除一条+修改一条
class DeleteandPut(DeleteOne, ChangeOne):
    def __init__(self):
        super(DeleteOne, self).__init__()
        super(DeleteOne, self).__init__()

# class BookView(GenericAPIView, CheckAll, AddOne):
#     queryset = Book.objects.all()
#     serializer_class = BookSerializer
#     def __init__(self):
#         super(CheckAll, self).__init__()
#         super(AddOne, self).__init__()


# class BookDetailView(GenericAPIView, CheckOne, ChangeOne, DeleteOne):
#     queryset = Book.objects.all()
#     serializer_class = BookSerializer
#     def __init__(self):
#         super(CheckOne, self).__init__()
#         super(ChangeOne, self).__init__()
#         super(DeleteOne, self).__init__()

class BookDetailView(GenericAPIView,GetOneandPut):
    queryset = Book.objects.all()
    serializer_class = BookSerializer
    def __init__(self):
        super(CheckOne, self).__init__()
        super(ChangeOne, self).__init__()
        
class BookView(GenericAPIView, GetAllandPost):
    queryset = Book.objects.all()
    serializer_class = BookSerializer
    def __init__(self):
        super(GetAllandPost, self).__init__()