Python内置类型性能分析

timeit模块
timeit模块可以用来测试一小段Python代码的执行速度。

class timeit.Timer(stmt=‘pass’, setup=‘pass’, timer=)
Timer是测量小段代码执行速度的类。

stmt参数是要测试的代码语句（statment）；

setup参数是运行代码时需要的设置；

timer参数是一个定时器函数，与平台有关。

timeit.Timer.timeit(number=1000000)
Timer类中测试语句执行速度的对象方法。number参数是测试代码时的测试次数，默认为1000000次。方法返回执行代码的耗时，一个float类型的秒数。

list的操作测试
def t1():
l = []
for i in range(1000):
l = l + [i]
def t2():
l = []
for i in range(1000):
l.append(i)
def t3():
l = [i for i in range(1000)]
def t4():
l = list(range(1000))

from timeit import Timer

timer1 = Timer(“t1()”, “from main import t1”)
print("concat ",timer1.timeit(number=1000), “seconds”)
timer2 = Timer(“t2()”, “from main import t2”)
print("append ",timer2.timeit(number=1000), “seconds”)
timer3 = Timer(“t3()”, “from main import t3”)
print("comprehension ",timer3.timeit(number=1000), “seconds”)
timer4 = Timer(“t4()”, “from main import t4”)
print("list range ",timer4.timeit(number=1000), “seconds”)

('concat ', 1.7890608310699463, ‘seconds’)

('append ', 0.13796091079711914, ‘seconds’)

('comprehension ', 0.05671119689941406, ‘seconds’)

('list range ', 0.014147043228149414, ‘seconds’)

insert与append比较

def t2():
li = []
for i in range(10000):
li.append(i)

def t5():
li = []
for i in range(10000):
li.insert(0, i)

timer2 = Timer(‘t2()’, ‘from main import t2’)
print(“append:”, timer2.timeit(number=1000))

timer5 = Timer(‘t5()’, ‘from main import t5’)
print(“insert:”, timer5.timeit(number=1000))

append: 0.9202240769991477

insert: 21.039387496999552

从结果可以看出，append从尾端添加元素效率远远高于insert从顶端添加元素