Spring学习——IOC依赖注入——02

一、依赖注入（DI）

依赖 : 指Bean对象的创建依赖于容器 . Bean对象的依赖资源 .

注入 : 指Bean对象所依赖的资源 , 由容器来设置和装配

二、Set 注入

要求被注入的属性 , 必须有set方法 , set方法的方法名由set + 属性首字母大写 , 如果属性是boolean类型 , 没有set方法 , 是 is

测试pojo类 :
Address.java

public class Address {
 
     private String address;
 
     public String getAddress() {
         return address;
    }
 
     public void setAddress(String address) {
         this.address = address;
    }
 }

Student.java

package com.kuang.pojo;
 
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Map;
 import java.util.Properties;
 import java.util.Set;
 
 public class Student {
 
     private String name;
     private Address address;
     private String[] books;
     private List<String> hobbys;
     private Map<String,String> card;
     private Set<String> games;
     private String wife;
     private Properties info;
 
     public void setName(String name) {
         this.name = name;
    }
 
     public void setAddress(Address address) {
         this.address = address;
    }
 
     public void setBooks(String[] books) {
         this.books = books;
    }
 
     public void setHobbys(List<String> hobbys) {
         this.hobbys = hobbys;
    }
 
     public void setCard(Map<String, String> card) {
         this.card = card;
    }
 
     public void setGames(Set<String> games) {
         this.games = games;
    }
 
     public void setWife(String wife) {
         this.wife = wife;
    }
 
     public void setInfo(Properties info) {
         this.info = info;
    }
 
     public void show(){
         System.out.println("name="+ name
                 + ",address="+ address.getAddress()
                 + ",books="
        );
         for (String book:books){
             System.out.print("<<"+book+">>\t");
        }
         System.out.println("\n爱好:"+hobbys);
 
         System.out.println("card:"+card);
 
         System.out.println("games:"+games);
 
         System.out.println("wife:"+wife);
 
         System.out.println("info:"+info);
 
    }
 }

1、常量注入

 <bean id="student" class="com.kuang.pojo.Student">
     <property name="name" value="小明"/>
 </bean>

测试：

 @Test
 public void test01(){
     ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
 
     Student student = (Student) context.getBean("student");
 
     System.out.println(student.getName());
 
 }

2、Bean注入

<bean id="addr" class="com.kuang.pojo.Address">
     <property name="address" value="重庆"/>
 </bean>
 
 <bean id="student" class="com.kuang.pojo.Student">
     <property name="name" value="小明"/>
     <property name="address" ref="addr"/>
 </bean>

3、数组注入

<bean id="student" class="com.kuang.pojo.Student">
     <property name="name" value="小明"/>
     <property name="address" ref="addr"/>
     <property name="books">
         <array>
             <value>西游记</value>
             <value>红楼梦</value>
             <value>水浒传</value>
         </array>
     </property>
 </bean>

4、List注入

<property name="hobbys">
     <list>
         <value>听歌</value>
         <value>看电影</value>
         <value>爬山</value>
     </list>
 </property>

5、Map注入

 <property name="card">
     <map>
         <entry key="中国邮政" value="456456456465456"/>
         <entry key="建设" value="1456682255511"/>
     </map>
 </property>

6、set注入

 <property name="games">
     <set>
         <value>LOL</value>
         <value>BOB</value>
         <value>COC</value>
     </set>
 </property>

7、Null注入

 <property name="wife"><null/></property>

8、Properties注入

 <property name="info">
     <props>
         <prop key="学号">20190604</prop>
         <prop key="性别">男</prop>
         <prop key="姓名">小明</prop>
     </props>
 </property>

p命名和c命名注入

User.java ：【注意：这里没有有参构造器！】

public class User {
     private String name;
     private int age;
 
     public void setName(String name) {
         this.name = name;
    }
 
     public void setAge(int age) {
         this.age = age;
    }
 
     @Override
     public String toString() {
         return "User{" +
                 "name='" + name + '\'' +
                 ", age=" + age +
                 '}';
    }
 }

1、P命名空间注入 : 需要在头文件中加入约束文件

导入约束 : xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
 
 <!--P(属性: properties)命名空间 , 属性依然要设置set方法-->
 <bean id="user" class="com.kuang.pojo.User" p:name="狂神" p:age="18"/>

2、c 命名空间注入 : 需要在头文件中加入约束文件

导入约束 : xmlns:c="http://www.springframework.org/schema/c"
 <!--C(构造: Constructor)命名空间 , 属性依然要设置set方法-->
 <bean id="user" class="com.kuang.pojo.User" c:name="狂神" c:age="18"/>

Bean的作用域