C++ STL-String、Vector（容器）

目录

 一、std::string容器

 二、std::vector容器

---

 一、std::string容器

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
	cout << "******************构造初始化******************" << endl;
	string str = "ssssss";  //创建一个空字符串
	const char* st = "1234"; //创建一个字符串

	string str1("hello world"); //构造函数
	string str2(3,'ss'); //构造函数
	string str3(str); //构造函数
	string str4(st);  //构造函数

	cout << "strl = " << str1 << endl;
	cout << "str2 = " << str2 << endl;
	cout << "str3 = " << str3 << endl;
	cout << "str4 = " << str4 << endl;

	/************************************/
	cout << "******************存入字符串******************" << endl;
	//存入字符串

	string str5 = "hello world assign";
	string str6,str7,str8,str9,str10;

	str6.assign(str5);
	str7.assign("hello world assign");
	str8.assign(str5.c_str(),str5.size());  //好用
	str9.assign(str5,0,str5.size());   //好用
	str10.assign(3,'s');

	cout << "str5 = " << str5 << endl;
	cout << "str6 = " << str6 << endl;
	cout << "str7 = " << str7 << endl;
	cout << "str8 = " << str8 << endl;
	cout << "str9 = " << str9 << endl;
	cout << "str10 = " << str10 << endl;

	/************************************/
	cout << "******************拼接字符串******************" << endl;
	//拼接字符串

	string str11,str12,str13,str14,str15;
	str11 = "ssssss";
	str11 += str5;
	cout<<"str11 = "<<str11<<endl;

	str12.append(str5);
	str13.append(10,'3');
	str14.append(str5,0,str5.size());   //好用
	str15.append(str5,10);

	cout << "str11 = " << str11 << endl;
	cout << "str12 = " << str12 << endl;
	cout << "str13 = " << str13 << endl;
	cout << "str14 = " << str14 << endl;
    cout << "str15 = " << str15 << endl;

	/************************************/
	cout << "******************查找字符串******************" << endl;
    //查找字符串

	string str16,str17,str18,str19,str20;
	str16 = 'a';
	cout << "查找a：" << str5.find(str16, 0) << endl;  //查字符

	str17 = "si";
	cout << "查找si：" << str5.find(str17, 0) << endl;  //查字符串

	/************************************/
	cout << "******************比较字符串******************" << endl;
	 //比较字符串
	string str21;
	str21 = "hello";
	if (str5>str21)
	{  cout << "str5 > str21" << endl;  }
	else  cout << "str5 < str21" << endl;
	
	/************************************/
	cout << "******************提取子串******************" << endl;
	//提取子串 
	string str22 = "wor",str23,str24;
	for (int j = 0; j <= str22.size(); j++)
	{
       for (int i = 0; i <= str5.size(); i++)
	   {
		   if (str22[j] == str5[i])
		   {
			   str23 += str5[i];
			   j++;
		   }
	   }
	}

	int num = str5.find("w",0); //提取子串
	str24 = str5.substr(num,str22.size()); //提取子串
	    
	cout << "str5  size=" << str5.size() << endl;
	cout << "str22 size=" << str22.size() << endl;
	cout << "str23 size=" << str23.size() << endl;
	cout << "str23 = " << str23 << endl;
	cout << "str24 = " << str24 << endl;

	cout << "******************插入和删除字符串******************" << endl;
	//插入和删除字符串
	string str25, str26, str27;
	str25="hello world",str26="123";

	str25.insert(6,"sss"); //从第六个位置开始插入字符串
	cout << "str25 = " << str25 << endl;

	str25.insert(0,str26); //从第一个位置开始插入字符串
	cout << "str25 = " << str25 << endl;

	str25.erase(0,5); //删除第一个位置到第五个位置的字符串
	cout << "str25 = " << str25 << endl;

	str25.erase(0,str25.size()); //清空
    cout << "str25 = " << str25 << endl;
}

运行结果：

 二、std::vector容器

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <vector> //容器
#include <algorithm> 
using namespace std;

void printvector(vector<int> &v)  //打印容器
{
	vector<int>::iterator it;  //迭代器
	for (it=v.begin(); it!=v.end(); it++)  
	{
		cout<<*it<<" ";
	}
	cout<<endl;
}


int main()
{
	/******************构造函数*************************/
	vector<int> v1(10,20); //数量10，值20
	printvector(v1);

	vector<int> v2=v1; //拷贝构造函数
	printvector(v2);

	vector<int> v3(v1.begin(), v1.end()); //拷贝构造函数
	printvector(v3);

	/*********************赋值**************************/
	vector<int> v4;
	v4.assign(v3.begin(), v3.end()); //赋值
	printvector(v4);

	v4.assign(5,100); //赋值
	printvector(v4);

	/*********************交换**************************/
	v3.swap(v4); //交换
	printvector(v3);

	/******************判断是否为空*********************/
	vector<int> v5;
	if (v5.empty()) {cout<<"空"<<endl;} else cout<<"非空"<<endl;

	/********************改变容器大小*******************/
	vector<int> v6(10,20); //容器长度10，值20
	cout<<"大小："<<v6.size()<<"容量：" << v6.capacity()<<endl;
	printvector(v6);

	v6.resize(15);  //改变大小,补0
	cout<<"大小："<<v6.size()<<"容量：" << v6.capacity()<<endl;
	printvector(v6);

	v6.resize(10); //容量不变
	cout<<"大小："<<v6.size()<<"容量：" << v6.capacity()<<endl;
	printvector(v6);

	/***********************存取************************/
	vector<int> v7;
	v7.push_back(1); //尾部插入
	v7.push_back(2);
	v7.push_back(3);
	v7.push_back(4);
	v7.at(0)=100; v7[1]=200;  //直接赋值改变
	printvector(v7);
	cout<<v7.at(0)<<"  "<<v7[1]<<endl;
	cout<<v7.front()<<"  "<<v7.back()<<endl; //头尾

	/*********************插入删除**********************/
	v7.insert(v7.begin()+1,3,2); //插入3个2
	printvector(v7);

	v7.pop_back(); //删除尾
	printvector(v7);

	v7.erase(v7.begin() + 1, v7.begin() + 4); //删除+1~+4
	printvector(v7);

	v7.clear(); //清空
	cout<<"大小："<<v7.size()<<"容量："<<v7.capacity()<<endl;

	/*********************swap收缩空间**********************/
	vector<int> v8;
	v8.reserve(100); //设置容量
	v8.assign(5, 10);
	cout<<"大小："<<v8.size()<<"容量："<<v8.capacity()<<endl;
	vector<int> (v8).swap(v8); //利用匿名对象和函数实现更改容量大小
	cout<<"大小："<<v8.size()<<"容量："<<v8.capacity()<<endl;

	/*********************嵌套容器***********************/
	vector<vector<int>> v;
	vector<int> v9(3,20);
	vector<int> v10(5,30);
	vector<int> v11(7, 40);
	vector<vector<int>> ::iterator it;
	for (it=v.begin(); it!=v.end(); it++)
	{
		vector<int>::iterator mit;
		for (mit=(*it).begin(); mit!=it->end(); mit++)
		{
			cout<<*mit<<" ";
		}
	}

	/*********************排序***********************/
	vector<int> v12;
	v12.push_back(1);
	v12.push_back(3);
	v12.push_back(2);
	v12.push_back(4);
	printvector(v12);  //原始

	sort(v12.begin(), v12.end()); //升序
	printvector(v12);

	sort(v12.begin(), v12.end(), greater<int>()); //降序
	printvector(v12);


}

 运行结果：