C中的const限定符与指针间的相互赋值

 

在C中，把一个指针q赋给另一个指针p(p = q)时要保证：

1.        p和q指向相容的类型
2.        p和q所指的类型可以带限定符(const...)或不带
3.        p所指的类型必须有q所指类型的所有限定符

Example

•        (char *) can assign to (const char *)
•        (char **) can assign to (char * const *) but can't assing to (const char **)

      

Example Source Code

const.c

/**
 * File Name: const.c
 * Date: 2008-3-27
 * Intention: Understanding the type-qualifier const
 * Run Environment: gcc-4.1.2 on Linux 2.6.23.1
 * Compile Command: gcc const.c -o const.o
 * Usage: ./const.o
 */

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

void testConstF0();
void testConstF1(const char *p);
void testConstF2(const char **p);
void testConstF3(char * const *p);

int main(int argc, char *argv[]){

    printf("/nWhile assigning between pointer:/n");
   
    testConstF0();
    testConstF1(*argv);        /*(char *) assigns to (const char *)*/
    /*
        While compiling,
     call testConstF2(const char **p) by testConstF2(argv) will get a  warning: passing argument 1 of ‘testConstF2’ from incompatible pointer type
    */
    /*testConstF2(argv);*/        /*(char **) assigns to (const char **)*/
    testConstF3(argv);        /*(char **) assigns to (char * const *)*/

    exit(0);
}

void testConstF0(){
    const int i = 1;            /*i can only be assigned value at here*/
    /*int *p = &i;*/            /*get a warning: initializatioin discards qualifier from pointer to target type */
    const int *p = &i;
    int j = 2;
    p = &j;
}

void testConstF1(const char *p){
    printf("/n(char *) can assign to (const char *)/n");
}

void testConstF2(const char **p){
    printf("/n(char **) can't assign to (const char **)/n");
}

void testConstF3(char * const *p){
    printf("/n(char **) can assign to (char * const *)/n");
}

Result

While assigning between pointer:

(char *) can assign to (const char *)

(char **) can assign to (char * const *)