浅读Tomcat源码（四）---session、servletContext、listener浅析

转载自：http://blog.csdn.net/qq_28241149/article/details/78465048

前面两篇简述了Tomcat的启动和请求处理，这篇我们来看一些平时使用中的细节用法

一.session

session对于web开发人员应该不会陌生了，session和cookie一个存储在服务端一个存储在客户端，我们来看下tomcat是如何实现session的。

建议大家认真读一下我在第一篇中发的几个链接，尤其是http://blog.csdn.net/beliefer/article/category/6154740，@泰山不老生的文章对session源码的解读还是很详尽的，这里我也用我自己的思路去整理一遍。

session的生成依赖于一个session的管理器，因此在Tomcat启动之初就生成了这个session管理器，我们来看下StandardContext的启动，我们在Tomcat启动的篇章已经讲述了四个容器依次启动的方式，而在context启动的时候会打开这个manager:

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1. Manager contextManager = null;  
2. if (manager == null) {  
3.     if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {  
4.         log.debug(sm.getString("standardContext.cluster.noManager",  
5.                 Boolean.valueOf((getCluster() != null)),  
6.                 Boolean.valueOf(distributable)));  
7.     }  
8.     if ( (getCluster() != null) && distributable) {  
9.         try {  
10.             contextManager = getCluster().createManager(getName());  
11.         } catch (Exception ex) {  
12.             log.error("standardContext.clusterFail", ex);  
13.             ok = false;  
14.         }  
15.     } else {  
16.         contextManager = new StandardManager();  
17.     }  
18. }   

                Manager contextManager = null;
                if (manager == null) {
                    if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
                        log.debug(sm.getString("standardContext.cluster.noManager",
                                Boolean.valueOf((getCluster() != null)),
                                Boolean.valueOf(distributable)));
                    }
                    if ( (getCluster() != null) && distributable) {
                        try {
                            contextManager = getCluster().createManager(getName());
                        } catch (Exception ex) {
                            log.error("standardContext.clusterFail", ex);
                            ok = false;
                        }
                    } else {
                        contextManager = new StandardManager();
                    }
                } 

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1.                 // Configure default manager if none was specified  
2.                 if (contextManager != null) {  
3.                     if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {  
4.                         log.debug(sm.getString("standardContext.manager",  
5.                                 contextManager.getClass().getName()));  
6.                     }  
7.                     setManager(contextManager);  
8.                 }  

                // Configure default manager if none was specified
                if (contextManager != null) {
                    if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
                        log.debug(sm.getString("standardContext.manager",
                                contextManager.getClass().getName()));
                    }
                    setManager(contextManager);
                }

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1. try {  
2.     // Start manager  
3.     if ((manager != null) && (manager instanceof Lifecycle)) {  
4.         ((Lifecycle) getManager()).start();  
5.     }  
6.   
7.     // Start ContainerBackgroundProcessor thread  
8.     super.threadStart();  
9. } catch(Exception e) {  
10.     log.error("Error manager.start()", e);  
11.     ok = false;  
12. }  

            try {
                // Start manager
                if ((manager != null) && (manager instanceof Lifecycle)) {
                    ((Lifecycle) getManager()).start();
                }
    
                // Start ContainerBackgroundProcessor thread
                super.threadStart();
            } catch(Exception e) {
                log.error("Error manager.start()", e);
                ok = false;
            }

以上是StandardContext的startInternal方法的两个片段，可以看到它先创建了manager对象，并赋值给了context内置的manager，最后去启动manager

manager的startInternal方法则调用了load方法，load调用doload：

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1. protected void doLoad() throws ClassNotFoundException, IOException {  
2.     if (log.isDebugEnabled())  
3.         log.debug("Start: Loading persisted sessions");  
4.   
5.     // Initialize our internal data structures  
6.     sessions.clear();  
7.   
8.     // Open an input stream to the specified pathname, if any  
9.     File file = file();  
10.     if (file == null)  
11.         return;  
12.     if (log.isDebugEnabled())  
13.         log.debug(sm.getString("standardManager.loading", pathname));  
14.     FileInputStream fis = null;  
15.     BufferedInputStream bis = null;  
16.     ObjectInputStream ois = null;  
17.     Loader loader = null;  
18.     ClassLoader classLoader = null;  
19.     try {  
20.         fis = new FileInputStream(file.getAbsolutePath());  
21.         bis = new BufferedInputStream(fis);  
22.         if (container != null)  
23.             loader = container.getLoader();  
24.         if (loader != null)  
25.             classLoader = loader.getClassLoader();  
26.         if (classLoader != null) {  
27.             if (log.isDebugEnabled())  
28.                 log.debug("Creating custom object input stream for class loader ");  
29.             ois = new CustomObjectInputStream(bis, classLoader);  
30.         } else {  
31.             if (log.isDebugEnabled())  
32.                 log.debug("Creating standard object input stream");  
33.             ois = new ObjectInputStream(bis);  
34.         }  
35.     } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {  
36.         if (log.isDebugEnabled())  
37.             log.debug("No persisted data file found");  
38.         return;  
39.     } catch (IOException e) {  
40.         log.error(sm.getString("standardManager.loading.ioe", e), e);  
41.         if (fis != null) {  
42.             try {  
43.                 fis.close();  
44.             } catch (IOException f) {  
45.                 // Ignore  
46.             }  
47.         }  
48.         if (bis != null) {  
49.             try {  
50.                 bis.close();  
51.             } catch (IOException f) {  
52.                 // Ignore  
53.             }  
54.         }  
55.         throw e;  
56.     }  

    protected void doLoad() throws ClassNotFoundException, IOException {
        if (log.isDebugEnabled())
            log.debug("Start: Loading persisted sessions");

        // Initialize our internal data structures
        sessions.clear();

        // Open an input stream to the specified pathname, if any
        File file = file();
        if (file == null)
            return;
        if (log.isDebugEnabled())
            log.debug(sm.getString("standardManager.loading", pathname));
        FileInputStream fis = null;
        BufferedInputStream bis = null;
        ObjectInputStream ois = null;
        Loader loader = null;
        ClassLoader classLoader = null;
        try {
            fis = new FileInputStream(file.getAbsolutePath());
            bis = new BufferedInputStream(fis);
            if (container != null)
                loader = container.getLoader();
            if (loader != null)
                classLoader = loader.getClassLoader();
            if (classLoader != null) {
                if (log.isDebugEnabled())
                    log.debug("Creating custom object input stream for class loader ");
                ois = new CustomObjectInputStream(bis, classLoader);
            } else {
                if (log.isDebugEnabled())
                    log.debug("Creating standard object input stream");
                ois = new ObjectInputStream(bis);
            }
        } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
            if (log.isDebugEnabled())
                log.debug("No persisted data file found");
            return;
        } catch (IOException e) {
            log.error(sm.getString("standardManager.loading.ioe", e), e);
            if (fis != null) {
                try {
                    fis.close();
                } catch (IOException f) {
                    // Ignore
                }
            }
            if (bis != null) {
                try {
                    bis.close();
                } catch (IOException f) {
                    // Ignore
                }
            }
            throw e;
        }

通过文件输入流来初始化持久化的session，启动的流程大致是这样。

然后就是当调用的时候，我们可以看到org.apache.catalina.connector.Request类，里面的getSession方法：

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1. @Override  
2. public HttpSession getSession() {  
3.     Session session = doGetSession(true);  
4.     if (session == null) {  
5.         return null;  
6.     }  
7.    
8.     return session.getSession();  
9. }  

    @Override
    public HttpSession getSession() {
        Session session = doGetSession(true);
        if (session == null) {
            return null;
        }
     
        return session.getSession();
    }

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1. protected Session doGetSession(boolean create) {  
2.   
3.     // There cannot be a session if no context has been assigned yet  
4.     if (context == null)  
5.         return (null);  
6.   
7.     // Return the current session if it exists and is valid  
8.     if ((session != null) && !session.isValid())  
9.         session = null;  
10.     if (session != null)  
11.         return (session);  
12.   
13.     // Return the requested session if it exists and is valid  
14.     Manager manager = null;  
15.     if (context != null)  
16.         manager = context.getManager();  
17.     if (manager == null)  
18.         return (null);      // Sessions are not supported  
19.     if (requestedSessionId != null) {  
20.         try {  
21.             session = manager.findSession(requestedSessionId);  
22.         } catch (IOException e) {  
23.             session = null;  
24.         }  
25.         if ((session != null) && !session.isValid())  
26.             session = null;  
27.         if (session != null) {  
28.             session.access();  
29.             return (session);  
30.         }  
31.     }  
32.   
33.     // Create a new session if requested and the response is not committed  
34.     if (!create)  
35.         return (null);  
36.     if ((context != null) && (response != null) &&  
37.         context.getServletContext().getEffectiveSessionTrackingModes().  
38.                 contains(SessionTrackingMode.COOKIE) &&  
39.         response.getResponse().isCommitted()) {  
40.         throw new IllegalStateException  
41.           (sm.getString("coyoteRequest.sessionCreateCommitted"));  
42.     }  
43.   
44.     // Attempt to reuse session id if one was submitted in a cookie  
45.     // Do not reuse the session id if it is from a URL, to prevent possible  
46.     // phishing attacks  
47.     // Use the SSL session ID if one is present.   
48.     if (("/".equals(context.getSessionCookiePath())   
49.             && isRequestedSessionIdFromCookie()) || requestedSessionSSL ) {  
50.         session = manager.createSession(getRequestedSessionId());  
51.     } else {  
52.         session = manager.createSession(null);  
53.     }  
54.   
55.     // Creating a new session cookie based on that session  
56.     if ((session != null) && (getContext() != null)  
57.            && getContext().getServletContext().  
58.                    getEffectiveSessionTrackingModes().contains(  
59.                            SessionTrackingMode.COOKIE)) {  
60.         Cookie cookie =  
61.             ApplicationSessionCookieConfig.createSessionCookie(  
62.                     context, session.getIdInternal(), isSecure());  
63.           
64.         response.addSessionCookieInternal(cookie);  
65.     }  
66.   
67.     if (session == null) {  
68.         return null;  
69.     }  
70.       
71.     session.access();  
72.     return session;  
73. }  

    protected Session doGetSession(boolean create) {

        // There cannot be a session if no context has been assigned yet
        if (context == null)
            return (null);

        // Return the current session if it exists and is valid
        if ((session != null) && !session.isValid())
            session = null;
        if (session != null)
            return (session);

        // Return the requested session if it exists and is valid
        Manager manager = null;
        if (context != null)
            manager = context.getManager();
        if (manager == null)
            return (null);      // Sessions are not supported
        if (requestedSessionId != null) {
            try {
                session = manager.findSession(requestedSessionId);
            } catch (IOException e) {
                session = null;
            }
            if ((session != null) && !session.isValid())
                session = null;
            if (session != null) {
                session.access();
                return (session);
            }
        }

        // Create a new session if requested and the response is not committed
        if (!create)
            return (null);
        if ((context != null) && (response != null) &&
            context.getServletContext().getEffectiveSessionTrackingModes().
                    contains(SessionTrackingMode.COOKIE) &&
            response.getResponse().isCommitted()) {
            throw new IllegalStateException
              (sm.getString("coyoteRequest.sessionCreateCommitted"));
        }

        // Attempt to reuse session id if one was submitted in a cookie
        // Do not reuse the session id if it is from a URL, to prevent possible
        // phishing attacks
        // Use the SSL session ID if one is present. 
        if (("/".equals(context.getSessionCookiePath()) 
                && isRequestedSessionIdFromCookie()) || requestedSessionSSL ) {
            session = manager.createSession(getRequestedSessionId());
        } else {
            session = manager.createSession(null);
        }

        // Creating a new session cookie based on that session
        if ((session != null) && (getContext() != null)
               && getContext().getServletContext().
                       getEffectiveSessionTrackingModes().contains(
                               SessionTrackingMode.COOKIE)) {
            Cookie cookie =
                ApplicationSessionCookieConfig.createSessionCookie(
                        context, session.getIdInternal(), isSecure());
            
            response.addSessionCookieInternal(cookie);
        }

        if (session == null) {
            return null;
        }
        
        session.access();
        return session;
    }

我们可以看到在doGetSession的时候还是先获取context，在上两篇已经讲到怎么把context传入每次的请求中了，然后启动时也将manager传入了context，因此在context中获取manager然后再创建，创建的过程也是先查询有没有，再创建：

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1. @Override  
2. public Session createSession(String sessionId) {  
3.       
4.     if ((maxActiveSessions >= 0) &&  
5.             (getActiveSessions() >= maxActiveSessions)) {  
6.         rejectedSessions++;  
7.         throw new IllegalStateException(  
8.                 sm.getString("managerBase.createSession.ise"));  
9.     }  
10.       
11.     // Recycle or create a Session instance  
12.     Session session = createEmptySession();  
13.   
14.     // Initialize the properties of the new session and return it  
15.     session.setNew(true);  
16.     session.setValid(true);  
17.     session.setCreationTime(System.currentTimeMillis());  
18.     session.setMaxInactiveInterval(this.maxInactiveInterval);  
19.     String id = sessionId;  
20.     if (id == null) {  
21.         id = generateSessionId();  
22.     }  
23.     session.setId(id);  
24.     sessionCounter++;  
25.   
26.     SessionTiming timing = new SessionTiming(session.getCreationTime(), 0);  
27.     synchronized (sessionCreationTiming) {  
28.         sessionCreationTiming.add(timing);  
29.         sessionCreationTiming.poll();  
30.     }  
31.     return (session);  
32.   
33. }  

    @Override
    public Session createSession(String sessionId) {
        
        if ((maxActiveSessions >= 0) &&
                (getActiveSessions() >= maxActiveSessions)) {
            rejectedSessions++;
            throw new IllegalStateException(
                    sm.getString("managerBase.createSession.ise"));
        }
        
        // Recycle or create a Session instance
        Session session = createEmptySession();

        // Initialize the properties of the new session and return it
        session.setNew(true);
        session.setValid(true);
        session.setCreationTime(System.currentTimeMillis());
        session.setMaxInactiveInterval(this.maxInactiveInterval);
        String id = sessionId;
        if (id == null) {
            id = generateSessionId();
        }
        session.setId(id);
        sessionCounter++;

        SessionTiming timing = new SessionTiming(session.getCreationTime(), 0);
        synchronized (sessionCreationTiming) {
            sessionCreationTiming.add(timing);
            sessionCreationTiming.poll();
        }
        return (session);

    }

而session的内部也是用一个map来储存attribute的：

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1. /** 
2.      * The collection of user data attributes associated with this Session. 
3.      */  
4.     protected Map<String, Object> attributes = new ConcurrentHashMap<String, Object>();  

/**
     * The collection of user data attributes associated with this Session.
     */
    protected Map<String, Object> attributes = new ConcurrentHashMap<String, Object>();

之所以用concurrentHashMap，我们知道Tomcat的每个请求处理都在不同线程，因此需要用线性安全的map来存储。

最后与start对应的是manager的stop过程，其调用unload：

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1. @Override  
2.  public void unload() throws IOException {  
3.      if (SecurityUtil.isPackageProtectionEnabled()){  
4.          try{  
5.              AccessController.doPrivileged( new PrivilegedDoUnload() );  
6.          } catch (PrivilegedActionException ex){  
7.              Exception exception = ex.getException();  
8.              if (exception instanceof IOException){  
9.                  throw (IOException)exception;  
10.              }  
11.              if (log.isDebugEnabled())  
12.                  log.debug("Unreported exception in unLoad() "  
13.                      + exception);  
14.          }  
15.      } else {  
16.          doUnload();  
17.      }  
18.  }  

   @Override
    public void unload() throws IOException {
        if (SecurityUtil.isPackageProtectionEnabled()){
            try{
                AccessController.doPrivileged( new PrivilegedDoUnload() );
            } catch (PrivilegedActionException ex){
                Exception exception = ex.getException();
                if (exception instanceof IOException){
                    throw (IOException)exception;
                }
                if (log.isDebugEnabled())
                    log.debug("Unreported exception in unLoad() "
                        + exception);
            }
        } else {
            doUnload();
        }
    }

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1. protected void doUnload() throws IOException {  
2.   
3.     if (log.isDebugEnabled())  
4.         log.debug(sm.getString("standardManager.unloading.debug"));  
5.   
6.     if (sessions.isEmpty()) {  
7.         log.debug(sm.getString("standardManager.unloading.nosessions"));  
8.         return; // nothing to do  
9.     }  
10.   
11.     // Open an output stream to the specified pathname, if any  
12.     File file = file();  
13.     if (file == null)  
14.         return;  
15.     if (log.isDebugEnabled())  
16.         log.debug(sm.getString("standardManager.unloading", pathname));  
17.     FileOutputStream fos = null;  
18.     ObjectOutputStream oos = null;  
19.     try {  
20.         fos = new FileOutputStream(file.getAbsolutePath());  
21.         oos = new ObjectOutputStream(new BufferedOutputStream(fos));  
22.     } catch (IOException e) {  
23.         log.error(sm.getString("standardManager.unloading.ioe", e), e);  
24.         if (fos != null) {  
25.             try {  
26.                 fos.close();  
27.             } catch (IOException f) {  
28.                 // Ignore  
29.             }  
30.         }  
31.         throw e;  
32.     }  
33.   
34.     // Write the number of active sessions, followed by the details  
35.     ArrayList<StandardSession> list = new ArrayList<StandardSession>();  
36.     synchronized (sessions) {  
37.         if (log.isDebugEnabled())  
38.             log.debug("Unloading " + sessions.size() + " sessions");  
39.         try {  
40.             oos.writeObject(new Integer(sessions.size()));  
41.             Iterator<Session> elements = sessions.values().iterator();  
42.             while (elements.hasNext()) {  
43.                 StandardSession session =  
44.                     (StandardSession) elements.next();  
45.                 list.add(session);  
46.                 session.passivate();  
47.                 session.writeObjectData(oos);  
48.             }  
49.         } catch (IOException e) {  
50.             log.error(sm.getString("standardManager.unloading.ioe", e), e);  
51.             try {  
52.                 oos.close();  
53.             } catch (IOException f) {  
54.                 // Ignore  
55.             }  
56.             throw e;  
57.         }  
58.     }  
59.   
60.     // Flush and close the output stream  
61.     try {  
62.         oos.flush();  
63.     } finally {  
64.         try {  
65.             oos.close();  
66.         } catch (IOException f) {  
67.             // Ignore  
68.         }  
69.     }  
70.   
71.     // Expire all the sessions we just wrote  
72.     if (log.isDebugEnabled())  
73.         log.debug("Expiring " + list.size() + " persisted sessions");  
74.     Iterator<StandardSession> expires = list.iterator();  
75.     while (expires.hasNext()) {  
76.         StandardSession session = expires.next();  
77.         try {  
78.             session.expire(false);  
79.         } catch (Throwable t) {  
80.             ExceptionUtils.handleThrowable(t);  
81.         } finally {  
82.             session.recycle();  
83.         }  
84.     }  
85.   
86.     if (log.isDebugEnabled())  
87.         log.debug("Unloading complete");  
88.   
89. }  

    protected void doUnload() throws IOException {

        if (log.isDebugEnabled())
            log.debug(sm.getString("standardManager.unloading.debug"));

        if (sessions.isEmpty()) {
            log.debug(sm.getString("standardManager.unloading.nosessions"));
            return; // nothing to do
        }

        // Open an output stream to the specified pathname, if any
        File file = file();
        if (file == null)
            return;
        if (log.isDebugEnabled())
            log.debug(sm.getString("standardManager.unloading", pathname));
        FileOutputStream fos = null;
        ObjectOutputStream oos = null;
        try {
            fos = new FileOutputStream(file.getAbsolutePath());
            oos = new ObjectOutputStream(new BufferedOutputStream(fos));
        } catch (IOException e) {
            log.error(sm.getString("standardManager.unloading.ioe", e), e);
            if (fos != null) {
                try {
                    fos.close();
                } catch (IOException f) {
                    // Ignore
                }
            }
            throw e;
        }

        // Write the number of active sessions, followed by the details
        ArrayList<StandardSession> list = new ArrayList<StandardSession>();
        synchronized (sessions) {
            if (log.isDebugEnabled())
                log.debug("Unloading " + sessions.size() + " sessions");
            try {
                oos.writeObject(new Integer(sessions.size()));
                Iterator<Session> elements = sessions.values().iterator();
                while (elements.hasNext()) {
                    StandardSession session =
                        (StandardSession) elements.next();
                    list.add(session);
                    session.passivate();
                    session.writeObjectData(oos);
                }
            } catch (IOException e) {
                log.error(sm.getString("standardManager.unloading.ioe", e), e);
                try {
                    oos.close();
                } catch (IOException f) {
                    // Ignore
                }
                throw e;
            }
        }

        // Flush and close the output stream
        try {
            oos.flush();
        } finally {
            try {
                oos.close();
            } catch (IOException f) {
                // Ignore
            }
        }

        // Expire all the sessions we just wrote
        if (log.isDebugEnabled())
            log.debug("Expiring " + list.size() + " persisted sessions");
        Iterator<StandardSession> expires = list.iterator();
        while (expires.hasNext()) {
            StandardSession session = expires.next();
            try {
                session.expire(false);
            } catch (Throwable t) {
                ExceptionUtils.handleThrowable(t);
            } finally {
                session.recycle();
            }
        }

        if (log.isDebugEnabled())
            log.debug("Unloading complete");

    }

将session的内容写入文件，和load过程相对应。

二.ServletContext

servletContext相对来说方便一点，我们直接看request中：

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1. @Override  
2. public ServletContext getServletContext() {  
3.     return context.getServletContext();  
4.  }  

    @Override
    public ServletContext getServletContext() {
        return context.getServletContext();
     }

调用了context的getServletContext方法，继续追踪：

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1. /** 
2.  * Return the servlet context for which this Context is a facade. 
3.  */  
4. @Override  
5. public ServletContext getServletContext() {  
6.   
7.     if (context == null) {  
8.         context = new ApplicationContext(this);  
9.         if (altDDName != null)  
10.             context.setAttribute(Globals.ALT_DD_ATTR,altDDName);  
11.     }  
12.     return (context.getFacade());  
13.   
14. }  

    /**
     * Return the servlet context for which this Context is a facade.
     */
    @Override
    public ServletContext getServletContext() {

        if (context == null) {
            context = new ApplicationContext(this);
            if (altDDName != null)
                context.setAttribute(Globals.ALT_DD_ATTR,altDDName);
        }
        return (context.getFacade());

    }

典型的单例，我们之前讲到过，一个context容器对应一个web应用，而servletContext原本就是web应用的唯一存储容器，所以。。。不用解释了吧。

三.listener

servletContextListener是一个比较重要的概念，在web.xml中可以进行相应的配置，并监听项目的启动停止，其实他的实现过程也非常简单，在context的start过程中调用了listenerStart方法:

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1. /** 
2.  * Configure the set of instantiated application event listeners 
3.  * for this Context.  Return <code>true</code> if all listeners wre 
4.  * initialized successfully, or <code>false</code> otherwise. 
5.  */  
6. public boolean listenerStart() {  
7.   
8.     if (log.isDebugEnabled())  
9.         log.debug("Configuring application event listeners");  
10.   
11.     // Instantiate the required listeners  
12.     String listeners[] = findApplicationListeners();  
13.     Object results[] = new Object[listeners.length];  
14.     boolean ok = true;  
15.     for (int i = 0; i < results.length; i++) {  
16.         if (getLogger().isDebugEnabled())  
17.             getLogger().debug(" Configuring event listener class '" +  
18.                 listeners[i] + "'");  
19.         try {  
20.             results[i] = instanceManager.newInstance(listeners[i]);  
21.         } catch (Throwable t) {  
22.             ExceptionUtils.handleThrowable(t);  
23.             getLogger().error  
24.                 (sm.getString("standardContext.applicationListener",  
25.                               listeners[i]), t);  
26.             ok = false;  
27.         }  
28.     }  
29.     if (!ok) {  
30.         getLogger().error(sm.getString("standardContext.applicationSkipped"));  
31.         return (false);  
32.     }  
33.   
34.     // Sort listeners in two arrays  
35.     ArrayList<Object> eventListeners = new ArrayList<Object>();  
36.     ArrayList<Object> lifecycleListeners = new ArrayList<Object>();  
37.     for (int i = 0; i < results.length; i++) {  
38.         if ((results[i] instanceof ServletContextAttributeListener)  
39.             || (results[i] instanceof ServletRequestAttributeListener)  
40.             || (results[i] instanceof ServletRequestListener)  
41.             || (results[i] instanceof HttpSessionAttributeListener)) {  
42.             eventListeners.add(results[i]);  
43.         }  
44.         if ((results[i] instanceof ServletContextListener)  
45.             || (results[i] instanceof HttpSessionListener)) {  
46.             lifecycleListeners.add(results[i]);  
47.         }  
48.     }  
49.   
50.     //Listeners may have been added by ServletContextInitializers.  Put them after the ones we know about.  
51.     for (Object eventListener: getApplicationEventListeners()) {  
52.         eventListeners.add(eventListener);  
53.     }  
54.     setApplicationEventListeners(eventListeners.toArray());  
55.     for (Object lifecycleListener: getApplicationLifecycleListeners()) {  
56.         lifecycleListeners.add(lifecycleListener);  
57.     }  
58.     setApplicationLifecycleListeners(lifecycleListeners.toArray());  
59.   
60.     // Send application start events  
61.   
62.     if (getLogger().isDebugEnabled())  
63.         getLogger().debug("Sending application start events");  
64.   
65.     // Ensure context is not null  
66.     getServletContext();  
67.     context.setNewServletContextListenerAllowed(false);  
68.       
69.     Object instances[] = getApplicationLifecycleListeners();  
70.     if (instances == null)  
71.         return (ok);  
72.     ServletContextEvent event =  
73.       new ServletContextEvent(getServletContext());  
74.     for (int i = 0; i < instances.length; i++) {  
75.         if (instances[i] == null)  
76.             continue;  
77.         if (!(instances[i] instanceof ServletContextListener))  
78.             continue;  
79.         ServletContextListener listener =  
80.             (ServletContextListener) instances[i];  
81.         try {  
82.             fireContainerEvent("beforeContextInitialized", listener);  
83.             listener.contextInitialized(event);  
84.             fireContainerEvent("afterContextInitialized", listener);  
85.         } catch (Throwable t) {  
86.             ExceptionUtils.handleThrowable(t);  
87.             fireContainerEvent("afterContextInitialized", listener);  
88.             getLogger().error  
89.                 (sm.getString("standardContext.listenerStart",  
90.                               instances[i].getClass().getName()), t);  
91.             ok = false;  
92.         }  
93.     }  
94.     return (ok);  
95.   
96. }  

    /**
     * Configure the set of instantiated application event listeners
     * for this Context.  Return <code>true</code> if all listeners wre
     * initialized successfully, or <code>false</code> otherwise.
     */
    public boolean listenerStart() {

        if (log.isDebugEnabled())
            log.debug("Configuring application event listeners");

        // Instantiate the required listeners
        String listeners[] = findApplicationListeners();
        Object results[] = new Object[listeners.length];
        boolean ok = true;
        for (int i = 0; i < results.length; i++) {
            if (getLogger().isDebugEnabled())
                getLogger().debug(" Configuring event listener class '" +
                    listeners[i] + "'");
            try {
                results[i] = instanceManager.newInstance(listeners[i]);
            } catch (Throwable t) {
                ExceptionUtils.handleThrowable(t);
                getLogger().error
                    (sm.getString("standardContext.applicationListener",
                                  listeners[i]), t);
                ok = false;
            }
        }
        if (!ok) {
            getLogger().error(sm.getString("standardContext.applicationSkipped"));
            return (false);
        }

        // Sort listeners in two arrays
        ArrayList<Object> eventListeners = new ArrayList<Object>();
        ArrayList<Object> lifecycleListeners = new ArrayList<Object>();
        for (int i = 0; i < results.length; i++) {
            if ((results[i] instanceof ServletContextAttributeListener)
                || (results[i] instanceof ServletRequestAttributeListener)
                || (results[i] instanceof ServletRequestListener)
                || (results[i] instanceof HttpSessionAttributeListener)) {
                eventListeners.add(results[i]);
            }
            if ((results[i] instanceof ServletContextListener)
                || (results[i] instanceof HttpSessionListener)) {
                lifecycleListeners.add(results[i]);
            }
        }

        //Listeners may have been added by ServletContextInitializers.  Put them after the ones we know about.
        for (Object eventListener: getApplicationEventListeners()) {
            eventListeners.add(eventListener);
        }
        setApplicationEventListeners(eventListeners.toArray());
        for (Object lifecycleListener: getApplicationLifecycleListeners()) {
            lifecycleListeners.add(lifecycleListener);
        }
        setApplicationLifecycleListeners(lifecycleListeners.toArray());

        // Send application start events

        if (getLogger().isDebugEnabled())
            getLogger().debug("Sending application start events");

        // Ensure context is not null
        getServletContext();
        context.setNewServletContextListenerAllowed(false);
        
        Object instances[] = getApplicationLifecycleListeners();
        if (instances == null)
            return (ok);
        ServletContextEvent event =
          new ServletContextEvent(getServletContext());
        for (int i = 0; i < instances.length; i++) {
            if (instances[i] == null)
                continue;
            if (!(instances[i] instanceof ServletContextListener))
                continue;
            ServletContextListener listener =
                (ServletContextListener) instances[i];
            try {
                fireContainerEvent("beforeContextInitialized", listener);
                listener.contextInitialized(event);
                fireContainerEvent("afterContextInitialized", listener);
            } catch (Throwable t) {
                ExceptionUtils.handleThrowable(t);
                fireContainerEvent("afterContextInitialized", listener);
                getLogger().error
                    (sm.getString("standardContext.listenerStart",
                                  instances[i].getClass().getName()), t);
                ok = false;
            }
        }
        return (ok);

    }

前面一大段将listener解析完成以后，后面去遍历启动，上面代码比较长，核心在这一部分：

[java] view plain copy

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1. for (int i = 0; i < instances.length; i++) {  
2.      if (instances[i] == null)  
3.          continue;  
4.      if (!(instances[i] instanceof ServletContextListener))  
5.          continue;  
6.      ServletContextListener listener =  
7.          (ServletContextListener) instances[i];  
8.      try {  
9.          fireContainerEvent("beforeContextInitialized", listener);  
10.          listener.contextInitialized(event);  
11.          fireContainerEvent("afterContextInitialized", listener);  
12.      } catch (Throwable t) {  
13.          ExceptionUtils.handleThrowable(t);  
14.          fireContainerEvent("afterContextInitialized", listener);  
15.          getLogger().error  
16.              (sm.getString("standardContext.listenerStart",  
17.                            instances[i].getClass().getName()), t);  
18.          ok = false;  
19.      }  
20.  }  

       for (int i = 0; i < instances.length; i++) {
            if (instances[i] == null)
                continue;
            if (!(instances[i] instanceof ServletContextListener))
                continue;
            ServletContextListener listener =
                (ServletContextListener) instances[i];
            try {
                fireContainerEvent("beforeContextInitialized", listener);
                listener.contextInitialized(event);
                fireContainerEvent("afterContextInitialized", listener);
            } catch (Throwable t) {
                ExceptionUtils.handleThrowable(t);
                fireContainerEvent("afterContextInitialized", listener);
                getLogger().error
                    (sm.getString("standardContext.listenerStart",
                                  instances[i].getClass().getName()), t);
                ok = false;
            }
        }

好了，关于session、servletContext、listener三块内容到此为止，后续还会继续解读其他模块的源码。