JavaWeb--tomcat之ServletConfig与ServletContext详解

一、获取ServletConfig对象

1.在直接实现Servlet接口的类中，可通过init方法的参数获得（也可使用2.中的方法）

2.在继承HttpServlet类的类中可通过对象调用getServletConfig()方法获取

二、本文使用的web.xml

web.xml:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
         version="4.0">
     
    <context-param>
        <param-name>user</param-name>
        <param-value>admin</param-value>
    </context-param>
    <context-param>
        <param-name>passwd</param-name>
        <param-value>admin123</param-value>
    </context-param>

    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>MyHttpServlet</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>com.my.servlet.MyHttpServlet</servlet-class>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>user</param-name>
            <param-value>Jay Chou</param-value>
        </init-param>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>passwd</param-name>
            <param-value>qilixiang</param-value>
        </init-param>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>MyHttpServlet</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/mhs</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

</web-app>

三、ServletConfig的作用与代码实现

ServletConfig的主要作用：

• 获取servlet别名（web.xml中的名字）
• 获取初始化参数（web.xml中servlet的init-param标签）
• 获取ServletContext对象

代码实现上述功能：

package com.my.servlet;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Enumeration;

import javax.servlet.ServletConfig;
import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

public class MyHttpServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //super.doGet(req, resp);
        System.out.println("start to do Get");
        // 获取ServletConfig对象
        ServletConfig servletConfig = this.getServletConfig();
        System.out.println(servletConfig);

        //获取本servlet对象的一个init-param
        String initParameter = servletConfig.getInitParameter("user");
        System.out.println(initParameter);

        //获取本servlet对象的所有init-param的名字
        while (initParameterNames.hasMoreElements()){
            String name = initParameterNames.nextElement();
            String value = servletConfig.getInitParameter(name);
            System.out.println(name+"----"+value);
        };

        //获取servlet的name
        String servletName = servletConfig.getServletName();
        System.out.println(servletName);

        // 获取servletContext对象
        ServletContext servletContext = servletConfig.getServletContext();
        System.out.println(servletContext);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //super.doPost(req, resp);
        System.out.println("doPosting");
    }

}

输出：

start to do Get
org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapperFacade@2809ff8a
Jay Chou
passwd----qilixiang
user----Jay Chou
MyHttpServlet
org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationContextFacade@26ce04fb

四、ServletContext对象详解

ServletContext是一个接口，表示的是servlet上下文，一个web工程只有一个ServletContext对象，它是一个域对象。

1.获取ServletContext对象

1）通过ServletConfig对象的getServletContext()方法获取

2）继承HttpServlet类的类可通过servlet对象直接调用getServletContext()方法获取

2、ServletContext对象的作用与代码实现

• 获取web.xml中的context-param标签内容
• 获取当前的工程路径（URL）
• 根据相对路径获取当前工程部署在机器上的绝对路经
• 像Map一样存储数据
• 获取一些其他信息

1）代码实现ServletContext对象获取工程信息

package com.my.servlet;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Enumeration;

import javax.servlet.ServletConfig;
import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

public class MyHttpServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //super.doGet(req, resp);
        System.out.println("start to do Get");
        // 获取ServletConfig对象
        ServletContext servletContext = this.getServletConfig().getServletContext();
        System.out.println(servletContext);

        // 获取web.xml中context-param中的值
        String name = servletContext.getInitParameter("user");
        String passwd = servletContext.getInitParameter("passwd");
        System.out.println(name+"--"+passwd);

        // 获取默认的url路径，即http://ip:port/工程路径/中的[/工程路径]
        String contextPath = servletContext.getContextPath();
        System.out.println(contextPath);

        // 获取部署后的项目在机器上的真实路径，参数为绝对路经，即web
        String realPath = servletContext.getRealPath("/");
        System.out.println(realPath);

        realPath = servletContext.getRealPath("/index.jsp");
        System.out.println(realPath);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //super.doPost(req, resp);
        System.out.println("doPosting");
    }
}

输出：

start to do Get
org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationContextFacade@254d63f9
admin--admin123
/default
C:\Users\Administrator\IdeaProjects\myApp\out\artifacts\myApp_war_exploded\
C:\Users\Administrator\IdeaProjects\myApp\out\artifacts\myApp_war_exploded\index.jsp

2）ServletContext对象存取数据

在一个Servlet中存取，在同工程下其他Servlet中都可以查到，限单次部署（重启tomcat或者重新部署失效）
代码实现：

package com.my.servlet;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Enumeration;

import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

public class MyHttpServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        ServletContext servletContext = this.getServletContext();

        // 获取默认有的值：一些sevlet相关的属性信息
        Enumeration<String> attributeNames = servletContext.getAttributeNames();
        while (attributeNames.hasMoreElements()){
            String element = attributeNames.nextElement();
            Object attribute = servletContext.getAttribute(element);
            System.out.println(element+"==="+attribute);
        }
        System.out.println("--------------------------------------------");

        servletContext.setAttribute("myAttribute","myValue");
        Object myAttribute = servletContext.getAttribute("myAttribute");
        System.out.println(myAttribute);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //super.doPost(req, resp);
        System.out.println("doPosting");
    }
}

输出：

[2021-06-25 11:34:30,548] Artifact myApp:war exploded: Artifact is deployed successfully
[2021-06-25 11:34:30,548] Artifact myApp:war exploded: Deploy took 627 milliseconds
javax.servlet.context.tempdir===C:\Users\Administrator\.IntelliJIdea2019.3\system\tomcat\Tomcat_8_5_65_myApp\work\Catalina\localhost\default
org.apache.catalina.resources===org.apache.catalina.webresources.StandardRoot@1740abc4
org.apache.catalina.webappVersion===
org.apache.tomcat.InstanceManager===org.apache.catalina.core.DefaultInstanceManager@1987575c
org.apache.catalina.jsp_classpath===/D:/apache-tomcat-8.5.65-windows-x64/lib/…………/C:/Program Files/Java/jdk1.8.0_291/jre/lib/ext/zipfs.jar
javax.websocket.server.ServerContainer===org.apache.tomcat.websocket.server.WsServerContainer@1db8c0b4
org.apache.jasper.compiler.TldCache===org.apache.jasper.compiler.TldCache@58ba5d67
org.apache.tomcat.JarScanner===org.apache.tomcat.util.scan.StandardJarScanner@4ab6d33f
--------------------------------------------
myValue