会话技术（cookie+session）&JSP&mvc模式介绍

会话技术&JSP

• 会话：一次会话中包含多次请求和响应
  • 一次会话：浏览器第一次给服务器资源发送请求，会话建立，直到一方断开为止
• 功能：在一次会话的范围内的多次请求间，共享数据
• 方式：
  1. 客户端会话技术：Cookie
  2. 服务器端会话技术：Session

Cookie

• 概念：客户端会话技术，将数据保存到客户端

快速入门

• 使用步骤：

  1. 创建Cookie对象，绑定数据
     • new Cookie(String name, String value)
  2. 发送Cookie对象
     • response.addCookie(Cookie cookie)
  3. 获取Cookie，拿到数据
     • Cookie[] request.getCookie()

  import javax.servlet.ServletException;
  import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
  import javax.servlet.http.Cookie;
  import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
  import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
  import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
  import java.io.IOException;
  
  /**
   * @author zhuxianglong
   * @version 1.0
   * @date 2021/8/29 21:32
   * Cookie快速入门
   */
  @WebServlet("/cookieDemo1")
  public class CookieDemo1 extends HttpServlet {
       
      protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
       
          //1.创建Cookie对象
          Cookie c = new Cookie("msg","hello");
          //2.发送Cookie
          response.addCookie(c);
      }
  
      protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
       
          this.doPost(request, response);
      }
  }
  

  import javax.servlet.ServletException;
  import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
  import javax.servlet.http.Cookie;
  import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
  import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
  import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
  import java.io.IOException;
  
  /**
   * @author zhuxianglong
   * @version 1.0
   * @date 2021/8/29 21:32
   * Cookie快速入门
   */
  @WebServlet("/cookieDemo2")
  public class CookieDemo2 extends HttpServlet {
       
      protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
       
          //3.获取Cookie
          Cookie[] cs = request.getCookies();
          //获取数据，遍历Cookies
          if(cs != null){
       
              for (Cookie c : cs) {
       
                  String name = c.getName();
                  String value = c.getValue();
                  System.out.println(name+":"+value);
              }
          }
      }
  
      protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
       
          this.doPost(request, response);
      }
  }
  

实现原理

• 基于响应头set-cookie和请求头cookie实现
  • 先是响应发送了响应头set-cookie:name:value
  • 后请求发送了请求头cookie:name:value

cookie的细节

1. 一次可不可以发送多个cookie？

   • 可以
   • 可以创建多个Cookie对象，使用response调用多次addCookie方法发送cookie即可

2. cookie在浏览器中保存多长时间？

   1. 默认情况下，当浏览器关闭后，Cookie数据被销毁

   2. 持久化存储：

      • setMaxAge(int seconds)

        1. 正数：将Cookie数据写到硬盘的文件中。持久化存储。Cookie的存活时间
        2. 负数：默认值
        3. 零：删除cookie信息

        import javax.servlet.ServletException;
        import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
        import javax.servlet.http.Cookie;
        import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
        import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
        import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
        import java.io.IOException;
        
        /**
         * @author zhuxianglong
         * @version 1.0
         * @date 2021/8/29 21:32
         * Cookie快速入门
         */
        @WebServlet("/cookieDemo4")
        public class CookieDemo4 extends HttpServlet {
                 
            protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
                 
                //1.创建Cookie对象
                Cookie c1 = new Cookie("msg","setMaxAge");
                //2.设置cookie的存活时间
                c1.setMaxAge(30);//将cookie持久化到硬盘，30秒后会自动删除cookie文件
                
                //c1.setMaxAge(-1);
                
                //c1.setMaxAge(300);
                //c1.setMaxAge(0);
                //3.发送Cookie
                response.addCookie(c1);
            }
        
            protected void<