微服务------Spring-Cloud-Ribbon调用服务实现客户端负载均衡

项目名称为spring-cloud-ribbon

1、使用IDEA工具创建一个SpringBoot项目

勾选Web、Eureka Discovery和Ribbon，从而自动在pom.xml中引入Ribbon的包

 

 

2、创建完之后，项目结构如下：

 

pom.xml配置如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.2.0.BUILD-SNAPSHOT</version>
        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>
    <groupId>com.etc</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-eureka-ribbon</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <packaging>jar</packaging>
    <name>spring-cloud-eureka-ribbon</name>
    <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>

    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
        <spring-cloud.version>Greenwich.BUILD-SNAPSHOT</spring-cloud.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        
        <!--引入eureka-client的依赖-->
         <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
        </dependency> 
        <!-- 引入ribbon的依赖 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-ribbon</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

    <repositories>
        <repository>
            <id>spring-snapshots</id>
            <name>Spring Snapshots</name>
            <url>https://repo.spring.io/snapshot</url>
            <snapshots>
                <enabled>true</enabled>
            </snapshots>
        </repository>
        <repository>
            <id>spring-milestones</id>
            <name>Spring Milestones</name>
            <url>https://repo.spring.io/milestone</url>
            <snapshots>
                <enabled>false</enabled>
            </snapshots>
        </repository>
    </repositories>

    <pluginRepositories>
        <pluginRepository>
            <id>spring-snapshots</id>
            <name>Spring Snapshots</name>
            <url>https://repo.spring.io/snapshot</url>
            <snapshots>
                <enabled>true</enabled>
            </snapshots>
        </pluginRepository>
        <pluginRepository>
            <id>spring-milestones</id>
            <name>Spring Milestones</name>
            <url>https://repo.spring.io/milestone</url>
            <snapshots>
                <enabled>false</enabled>
            </snapshots>
        </pluginRepository>
    </pluginRepositories>

</project>

3、删除application.properties文件，新建application.yml文件如下：

#指定注册中心的地址

eureka:
    client:
        service-url:
            defaultZone:
                http://localhost:8761/eureka/
#指定服务的端口号
server:
    port: 
        8763
#指定服务的名称
spring:
    application:
        name:
            service-ribbon

4、启动类上添加注解，并且启动负载均衡

package com.etc.springcloudribbon;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalanced;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

@EnableEurekaClient//向注册中心注册自己
@SpringBootApplication
public class SpringCloudRibbonApplication {

public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(SpringCloudRibbonApplication.class, args);
}
@Bean
@LoadBalanced //表明这个restTemplate开启负载均衡功能
RestTemplate restTemplate(){
return new RestTemplate();
}
}

5、新建一个HelloService类，使用负载均衡调用服务的接口

package com.etc.springcloudribbon.service;

import com.netflix.hystrix.contrib.javanica.annotation.HystrixCommand;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
@Service
public class HelloService {
    @Autowired
    RestTemplate restTemplate;

    /**
     * 通过之前注入ioc容器的restTemplate来消费SERVICE-HELLO服务的"/hello"接口
     * 启动：service-ribbon 工程，当我们访问http://localhost:8764/hi?name=ribbon,浏览器显示
     * hello ribbon,i am from port:8762
     * 此时关闭 service-hello 工程，当我们再访问http://localhost:8764/hello?name=ribbon，浏览器会显示
     * hello ,ribbon,orry,error!
     * 这就说明当 service-hello 工程不可用的时候，service-ribbon调用 service-hello的API接口时，会执行快速失败，直接返回一组字符串，而不是等待响应超时，这很好的控制了容器的线程阻塞。
     * @param name
     * @return
     */
    @HystrixCommand(fallbackMethod = "helloError")//创建熔断器的功能，并指定了fallbackMethod熔断方法
    public String hello(String name){
        return restTemplate.getForObject("http://SERVICE-HELLO/hello?name="+name,String.class);
    }
    public String helloError(String name){
        return "hi,"+name+",sorry,error!";
    }
}

6、新建一个HelloController类，调用HelloService的方法

package com.etc.springcloudribbon.controller;

import com.etc.springcloudribbon.service.HelloService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

@RestController
public class HelloController {
    @Autowired
    HelloService helloService;

    @GetMapping(value = "/hello")
    public String hello(@RequestParam String name){
        return helloService.hello(name);
    }
}

7、重新访问注册中心，可以看到已经注册在上面

8、页面访问方法如下：

http://localhost:8763/hello?name=ribbon

参考博客： https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_30354675/article/details/98955811