十。和十一

	第10
下面是不完整的类定义：
class A {
public：
virtual void print（）{
cout << “print come form class A” << endl;
}
};
B类：公共A{
私人：
字符*buf;
public：
void print（） {
cout << “print come from class B” << endl;
}
};
void fun（A *a） {
delete a;
}
试完成其定义（需要增加必要的构造函数、析构函数）。
类A析构函数输出：A：：~A（）

类B析构函数输出：B：：~B（）

给定如下main函数：
int main（） {
A *a = new B（10）;
a->print（）;
fun（a）;
B *b = 新 B（20）;
乐趣（b）;
返回 0;
}
【输入】
没有输入。
【输出】
主函数的输出已经写好。
/* 请在此处分别编写A、B类 */
class A 
{
public:
	virtual void print() {
		cout << "print come form class A" << endl;
	}
	virtual ~A(){
		cout << "A::~A() called" << '\n';
	}
};

class B : public A {
private:
	char* buf;
public:
	B(int x){
	}
	void print() {
		cout << "print come from class B" << endl;
	}
	~B()
	{
		cout << "B::~B() called" << '\n';
	}
};

（1）声明并实现一个名为Arc的类，在二维空间中以某一个点为中心，绘制圆弧。Arc类包含私有数据成员p（圆心，Point类型），radius（圆弧半径，double类型）;有参构造函数，将圆心、圆弧半径设置为给定的参数;成员函数draw，输出圆心和半径。
（2）声明并实现一个名为Circle的类，在二维空间中以某一个点为中心，绘制圆。Circle类包含私有数据成员p（圆心，Point类型），radius（圆半径，double类型）;有参构造函数，将圆心、圆半径设置为给定的参数;成员函数draw，输出圆心和半径。

【输入】
没有输入。
【输出】
【提示】
需要自定义Point类。
给定如下main函数：
int main（） {
Point p（320， 240）;
混合混合（p， 100， 70）;
mix.draw（）;
返回 0;

/* 请在此处分别编写Point、Arc、Circle、Ellipse、Rectangle、Mix类 */ 
class Point
{
public:
	int x, y;
public:
	Point(){}
	Point(int x, int y)
	{
		this->x = x;
		this->y = y;
	}
};

class Arc
{
private:
	Point p;
	double radius;
public:
	Arc(Point p, double radius)
	{
		this->p = p;
		this->radius = radius;
	}
	void draw()
	{
		cout << "Drawing an arc: Center(" << p.x << ", " << p.y << ")" << ",radius(" << radius << ")" << '\n';
	}
};

class Circle
{
private:
	Point p;
	double radius;
public:
	Circle(Point p, double radius)
	{
		this->p = p;
		this->radius = radius;
	}
	void draw()
	{
		cout << "Drawing an circle: Center(" << p.x << ", " << p.y << "),radius(" << radius << ")" << '\n';
	}
};

class Ellipse
{
private:
	Point p;
	double xRadius, yRadius;
public:
	Ellipse(Point p, double xRadius, double yRadius)
	{
		this->p = p;
		this->xRadius = xRadius;
		this->yRadius = yRadius;
	}
	void draw()
	{
		cout << "Drawing an ellipse: Center(" << p.x << ", " << p.y << "),x-axis(" << xRadius << "),y-axis(" << yRadius << ")" << '\n';
	}
};

class Rectangle
{
private:
	Point p;
	double width, height;
public:
	Rectangle(Point p, double width, double height)
	{
		this->p = p;
		this->width = width;
		this->height = height;
	}
	void draw()
	{
		cout << "Drawing an rectangle: Upper left corner coordinates("
			<< p.x << ", " << p.y << ")width(" << width
			<< "), height(" << height << ")" << '\n';
	}
};

class Mix : public Arc, public Circle, public Ellipse, public Rectangle
{
public:
	Mix(Point p, int a, int b):Arc(p, a), Circle(p, b), Ellipse(p, a, b), Rectangle(p, a, b)
	{}
	void draw()
	{
		Arc::draw();
		Circle::draw();
		Ellipse::draw();
		Rectangle::draw();
	}
};

（ 1 ）声明并实现一个名为 Person 的基类， Person 类有保护数据成员 name （姓名， string 类型）、（性别， char 类型， ' M ' 表示男， ' F ' 表示女）。以及有参构造函数，将姓名、性别设置为给定的参数;成员函数print，输出姓名和性别。
（2）从Person类派生出Student类，Student类有私有数据成员status（状态，枚举类型），表示年级（FRESHMAN、SOPHOMORE、JUNIOR、SENIOR），表示大一、大二、大三、大四学生。以及有参构造函数，将姓名、性别、状态设置为给定的参数;成员函数print，print函数输出姓名、性别和状态。

【输入】
没有输入。
【输出】

<span style="color:#000000">Name:ZhangSan, Sex:M
Name:LiSi, Sex:F</span>

/* 请在此处分别编写Person、Student、MyDate、Employee、Faculty、Staff类 */
class Person {
protected:
	string name;
	char sex;

public:
	Person() {}
	Person(string name, char sex)
	{
		this->name = name;
		this->sex = sex;
	}

	void print()
	{
		cout << "Name:" << name << ", Sex:" << sex << endl;
	}
};

enum Status { FRESHMAN, SOPHOMORE, JUNIOR, SENIOR };

class Student : public Person {
private:
	Status status;

public:
	Student() {}
	Student(string name, char sex, Status status)
	{
		this->name = name;
		this->sex = sex;
		this->status = status;
	}

	void print()
	{
		cout << "Name:" << name << ", Sex:" << sex << endl;
		cout << "Status:" << (status == 0 ? "Freshman" : status == 1 ? "Sophomore" : status == 2 ? "Junior" : "Senior") << endl;
	}
};

class MyDate {
private:
	int year, month, day;

public:
	MyDate(int year = 1900, int month = 1, int day = 1)
	{
		this->year = year;
		this->month = month;
		this->day = day;
	}

	void print()
	{
		cout << year << "-" << month << "-" << day << endl;
	}
};

class Employee : public Person {
protected:
	int salary;
	MyDate dateHired;

public:
	Employee() {}
	Employee(string name, char sex, int salary, MyDate dateHired)
	{
		this->name = name;
		this->sex = sex;
		this->salary = salary;
		this->dateHired = dateHired;
	}

	void print()
	{
		cout << "Name:" << name << ", Sex:" << sex << endl;
		cout << "Salary:" << salary << ", Hire date:";
		dateHired.print();
	}
};

enum Rank { PROFESSOR, ASSOCIATE_PROFESSOR, LECTURER };

class Faculty : public Employee {
private:
	Rank rank;

public:
	Faculty() {}
	Faculty(string name, char sex, int salary, MyDate dateHired, Rank rank)
	{
		this->name = name;
		this->sex = sex;
		this->salary = salary;
		this->dateHired = dateHired;
		this->rank = rank;
	}

	void print()
	{
		cout << "Name:" << name << ", Sex:" << sex << endl;
		cout << "Salary:" << salary << ", Hire date:";
		dateHired.print();
		cout << "Rank:" << (rank == 0 ? "Professor" : rank == 1 ? "Associate_Professor" : "Lecturer") << endl;
	}
};

enum Headship { PRESIDENT, DEAN, DEPARTMENT_CHAIRMAN };

class Staff : public Employee {
private:
	Headship headship;

public:
	Staff() {}
	Staff(string name, char sex, int salary, MyDate dateHired, Headship headship)
	{
		this->name = name;
		this->sex = sex;
		this->salary = salary;
		this->dateHired = dateHired;
		this->headship = headship;
	}

	void print()
	{
		cout << "Name:" << name << ", Sex:" << sex << endl;
		cout << "Salary:" << salary << ", Hire date:";
		dateHired.print();
		cout << "Headship:" << (headship == 0 ? "President" : headship == 1 ? "Dean" : "Department_Chairman" ) << endl;
	}
};

（1）员工类是抽象类。Employee类的派生类有Boss类、CommissionWorker类、PieceWorker类和HourlyWorker类。
（2）Employee类包括私有数据成员name（姓名，string类型）;有参构造函数，将name设置为给定的参数;访问器函数getName;还有纯虚函数show和earnings。show和earning函数将在每个派生类中实现，因为每个派生类显示的信息不同、计算工资的方法不同。

【输入】
输入Boss的姓名和周工资。
输入CommissonWorker的姓名、工资、佣金和销售数量。
输入PieceWorker的姓名、每件产品工资和生产数量。
输入HourlyWorker的姓名、小时工资、工作时数。
【输出】
见【输出示例】
【输入示例】

<span style="color:#000000">ZhangSan 800.0
LiSi 400.0 3.0 150
WangWu 2.5 200
LiuLiu 13.75 40</span>

class Employee {
private:
	string name;

public:
	Employee() {}
	Employee(string name)
	{
		this->name = name;
	}

	string getName()
	{
		return name;
	}

	virtual void show() {}

	virtual double earnings()
	{
		return 1.0;
	}
};

class Boss : public Employee {
private:
	double weeklySalary;

public:
	Boss() {}
	Boss(string name, double weeklySalary) : Employee(name)
	{
		this->weeklySalary = weeklySalary;
	}

	void setWeeklySalary(double weeklySalary)
	{
		this->weeklySalary = weeklySalary;
	}

	void show()
	{
		cout << "Boss: " << getName() << endl;
	}

	double earnings()
	{
		return weeklySalary;
	}
};

class CommissionWorker : public Employee {
private:
	double salary;
	double commission;
	int quantity;

public:
	CommissionWorker() {}
	CommissionWorker(string name, double salary, double commission, int quantity) : Employee(name)
	{
		this->salary = salary;
		this->commission = commission;
		this->quantity = quantity;
	}

	void setSalary(double salary)
	{
		this->salary = salary;
	}

	void setCommision(double commision)
	{
		this->commission = commision;
	}

	void setQuantity(int quantity)
	{
		this->quantity = quantity;
	}

	void show()
	{
		cout << "Commision Worker: " << getName() << endl;
	}

	double earnings()
	{
		return salary + commission * quantity;
	}
};

class PieceWorker : public Employee {
private:
	double wagePerPiece;
	int quantity;

public:
	PieceWorker() {}
	PieceWorker(string name, double wagePerPiece, int quantity) : Employee(name)
	{
		this->wagePerPiece = wagePerPiece;
		this->quantity = quantity;
	}

	void setWage()
	{
		this->wagePerPiece = wagePerPiece;
	}

	void setQuantity()
	{
		this->quantity = quantity;
	}

	void show()
	{
		cout << "Piece Worker: " << getName() << endl;
	}

	double earnings()
	{
		return wagePerPiece * quantity;
	}
};

class HourlyWorker : public Employee {
private:
	double wage;
	double hours;

public:
	HourlyWorker() {}
	HourlyWorker(string name, double wage, double hours) : Employee(name)
	{
		this->wage = wage;
		this->hours = hours;
	}

	void setWage()
	{
		this->wage = wage;
	}

	void setHours()
	{
		this->hours = hours;
	}

	void show()
	{
		cout << "Hourly Worker: " << getName() << endl;
	}

	double earnings()
	{
		return wage * hours;
	}
};

 （1）声明并实现一个名为Vehicle的基类，表示汽车。Vehicle类包括：
int类型的私有数据成员numberOfDoors，表示车门数量。
int类型的私有数据成员数OfCylinders，表示气缸数量。
string类型的私有数据成员color，表示汽车颜色。
double类型的私有数据成员fuelLevel，表示油位，即燃油数量。
int类型的私有数据成员transmissionType，表示变速箱类型，即0表示手动、1表示自动。
string类型的私有数据成员className，表示汽车类别。

【输入】
输入车门数量、气缸数量，颜色、燃油数量、变速箱类型。
【输出】
见【输出示例】
【输入示例】

2 6 red 50 1
4 6 yellow 60 0
2 16 black 100 0

/* 请在此处分别编写Vehicle、Taxi和Truck类 */
/* 请在此处分别编写Vehicle*/
class Vehicle
{
private:
	int numberOfDoors, numberOfCylinders, transmissionType;
	string color, className;
	double fuelLevel;
public:
	Vehicle(){}
	Vehicle(int numberOfDoors, int numberOfCylinders, string color,
		double fuelLevel, int transmissionType)
	{
		this->color = color;
		this->fuelLevel = fuelLevel;
		this->numberOfCylinders = numberOfCylinders;
		this->numberOfDoors = numberOfDoors;
		this->transmissionType = transmissionType;
	}
	int getNumberOfDoors()
	{
		return numberOfDoors;
	}
	int getNumberOfCylinders()
	{
		return numberOfCylinders;
	}
	int getTransmissionType()
	{
		return transmissionType;
	}
	string getColor()
	{
		return color;
	}
	string getClassName()
	{
		return className;
	}
	double getFuelLevel()
	{
		return fuelLevel;
	}

	void setColor(string color)
	{
		this->color = color;
	}
	void setClassName(string className)
	{
		this->className = className;
	}
	void setFuelLevel(double fuelLevel)
	{
		this->fuelLevel = fuelLevel;
	}
	friend ostream& operator << (ostream& out, const Vehicle& a)
	{
		out << "Vehicle" << '\n'
			<< "Number of doors:" << a.numberOfDoors << '\n'
			<< "Number of cylinders:" << a.numberOfCylinders << '\n'
			<< "Transmission type:";
		if (a.transmissionType)
			out << "Automatic";
		else
			out << "Manual";
		out << '\n'
			<< "Color:" << a.color << '\n'
			<< "Fuel level:" << a.fuelLevel << '\n';
		return out;
	}
};

class Taxi : public Vehicle
{
private:
	bool customers;
	int numberOfDoors, numberOfCylinders, transmissionType;
	string color, className;
	double fuelLevel;
public:
	Taxi(int numberOfDoors, int numberOfCylinders, string color,
		double fuelLevel, int transmissionType, bool customers)
	{
		this->color = color;
		this->fuelLevel = fuelLevel;
		this->numberOfCylinders = numberOfCylinders;
		this->numberOfDoors = numberOfDoors;
		this->transmissionType = transmissionType;
		this->customers = customers;
	}
	bool hasCustomers()
	{
		return customers;
	}
	void setCustomers(bool customers)
	{
		this->customers = customers;
	}
	friend ostream& operator << (ostream& out, const Taxi& a)
	{
		out << "Vehicle" << '\n'
			<< "Number of doors:" << a.numberOfDoors << '\n'
			<< "Number of cylinders:" << a.numberOfCylinders << '\n'
			<< "Transmission type:";
		if (a.transmissionType)
			out << "Automatic";
		else
			out << "Manual";
		out << '\n'
			<< "Color:" << a.color << '\n'
			<< "Fuel level:" << a.fuelLevel << '\n';
		if (a.customers)
			out << "Has passengers" << '\n';
		else
			out << "Has no passengers" << '\n';
		return out;
	}
};

class Truck : public Vehicle
{
private:
	bool cargo;
	int numberOfDoors, numberOfCylinders, transmissionType;
	string color, className;
	double fuelLevel;
public:
	Truck(int numberOfDoors, int numberOfCylinders, string color,
		double fuelLevel, int transmissionType, bool cargo)
	{
		this->color = color;
		this->fuelLevel = fuelLevel;
		this->numberOfCylinders = numberOfCylinders;
		this->numberOfDoors = numberOfDoors;
		this->transmissionType = transmissionType;
		this->cargo = cargo;
	}
	bool hasCargo()
	{
		return cargo;
	}
	void setCargo(bool cargo)
	{
		this->cargo = cargo;
	}
	friend ostream& operator << (ostream& out, const Truck& a)
	{
		out << "Vehicle" << '\n'
			<< "Number of doors:" << a.numberOfDoors << '\n'
			<< "Number of cylinders:" << a.numberOfCylinders << '\n'
			<< "Transmission type:";
		if (a.transmissionType)
			out << "Automatic";
		else
			out << "Manual";
		out << '\n'
			<< "Color:" << a.color << '\n'
			<< "Fuel level:" << a.fuelLevel << '\n';
		if (a.cargo)
			out << "Has passengers" << '\n';
		else
			out << "Has no passengers" << '\n';
		return out;
	}
};

下面是类A的定义，需要补充或增加完整的无参构造函数、虚析构函数以及fun（）虚函数。
A 类 {
公共：
// ...
void g（） {
fun（）;
}
};
构造函数输出：A constructor，并调用g（）函数
析构函数输出：A destructor
fun（）函数输出：Call class A's fun
下面是类B的定义，继承类A，需要补充或增加完整的无参构造函数、析构函数。
B类 {
公共：
// ...
};
无参构造函数输出：B constructor
析构函数输出：B destructor

/* 请在此处编写A、B、C类 */
class A
{
public:
	A()
	{
		cout << "A constructor" << '\n';
		g();
	}
	virtual ~A()
	{
		cout << "A destructor" << '\n';
	}
	virtual void fun()
	{
		cout << "Call class A's fun" << '\n';
	}
	void g()
	{
		fun();
	}
};

class B : public A
{
public:
	B()
	{
		cout << "B constructor" << '\n';
	}
	virtual ~B()
	{
		cout << "B destructor" << '\n';
	}
};

class C : public B
{
public:
	C()
	{
		cout << "C constructor" << '\n';
	}
	virtual~C()
	{
		cout << "C destructor" << '\n';
	}
	virtual void fun()
	{
		cout << "Call class C's fun" << '\n';
	}
};

 

按要求计算数值。
【输入】
第一行是整数n，表示第二行有n个整数。
第二行：n个整数。
所有整数都在0和100之间。
【输出】
先输出：
1
100
101
101
对于输入中第二行的每个整数x，输出两行：
第一行：k=x;
第二行：x的平方。
【输入示例】

/* 请在此处编写相关代码 */
/* 请在此处编写相关代码 */
A(int x)
	{
		n = x;
	}
	A operator ++ (int)
	{
		A temp = *this;
		n++;
		return temp;
	}
	A& operator ++ ()
	{
		n++;
		return *this;
	}
	friend ostream& operator<<(ostream& output,const A& a)
	{
		output << a.n;
		return output;
	}
	operator int() const
	{
		return n;
	}

有5个类A、B、C、D、E。它们的形式均为：
class T {
public：
T（） {
cout << “T（）” << endl;
}
~T（） {
cout << “~T（）” << endl;
}
};
这里T代表类名A、B、C、D、E。
给定如下main函数：
int main（） {
E e;
return 0;
}

/* 请在此处分别编写A、B、C、D、E类，注意：类A、B、C、D、E之间的继承关系 */
/* 请在此处分别编写A、B、C、D、E类，注意：类A、B、C、D、E之间的继承关系 */
class C {
public:
	C() {
		cout << "C()" << endl;
	}
	~C() {
		cout << "~C()" << endl;
	}
};

class B : public C{
public:
	B() {
		cout << "B()" << endl;
	}
	~B() {
		cout << "~B()" << endl;
	}
};

class A : public C {
public:
	A() {
		cout << "A()" << endl;
	}
	~A() {
		cout << "~A()" << endl;
	}
};

class D : public A {
public:
	D() {
		cout << "D()" << endl;
	}
	~D() {
		cout << "~D()" << endl;
	}
};

class E : public B, public D {
public:
	E() {
		cout << "E()" << endl;
	}
	~E() {
		cout << "~E()" << endl;
	}
};

将输入数据按特定要求原样输出。
【输入】
第一行是整数t，表明一共t组数据。
对每组数据：
第一行是整数n，表示下面一共有n行，0<n<100。
下面的每行，以一个字母开头，然后跟着一个整数，两者用空格分隔。字母只会是'A'或'B'。整数范围0到100。
【输出】
对每组输入数据，将其原样输出，每组数据的最后输出一行“****”。
【输入示例】
【输出示例】

/* 请在此处编写A、B类和PrintInfo函数，并定义a数组 */
/* 请在此处编写A、B类和PrintInfo函数，并定义a数组 */
class A
{
public:
	int x;
	char op;
public:
	A() {};
	A(int x)
	{
		this->x = x;
		op = 'A';
	}
	//~A() {}
};

class B : public A
{
public:
	B(int x)
	{
		this->x = x;
		op = 'B';
	}
	//~B() {};
};

A * a[1000];

void PrintInfo(A* a)
{
	cout << a->op << ' ' << a->x << '\n';
}

（1）Shape类是抽象类，包括了纯虚函数getArea（求面积）、getPerimeter（求周长）、show（输出对象信息）以及成员函数getClassName（返回类名“Shape”）。
（2）Circle类继承了Shape类，包括了double类型的私有数据成员radius，表示圆半径;带默认参数的有参构造函数，radius的默认参数值为1;访问器函数getRadius和更改器函数setRadius;重定义了getArea（求圆面积）

【输入示例】
3.5
5.8 11.8
1 1.5 1

/* 请在此处编写Shape、Circle、Rectangle和Triangle类 */
class Shape
{
public:
	virtual double getArea() { return 0; }
	virtual double getPerimeter() { return 0; }
	virtual void show() {}
	virtual string getClassName() { return ""; }
};

class Circle : public Shape
{
private:
	double radius;
public:
	Circle(double r = 1)
	{
		radius = r;
	}
	double getRadius()
	{
		return radius;
	}
	void setRadius(double r)
	{
		radius = r;
	}
	double getArea() 
	{
		return PI * radius * radius;
	}
	double getPerimeter()
	{
		return PI * radius * 2;
	}
	void show() 
	{
		cout <<  "Radius:" << radius << '\n';
	}
	string getClassName() 
	{
		return "Circle";
	}
};

class Rectangle : public Shape
{
private:
	double width, height;
public:
	Rectangle(double w = 1, double h = 1)
	{
		width = w;
		height = h;
	}
	double getWidth()
	{
		return width;
	}
	void setWidth(double w)
	{
		width = w;
	}
	double getHeight()
	{
		return height;
	}
	void setHeight(double r)
	{
		height = r;
	}
	double getArea()
	{
		return width * height;
	}
	double getPerimeter()
	{
		return (width + height) * 2;
	}
	void show()
	{
		cout << "Width:" << width << ", Height：" << height << '\n';
	}
	string getClassName()
	{
		return "Rectangle";
	}
};

class Triangle : public Shape
{
private:
	double side1, side2, side3;
public:
	Triangle(double a, double b, double c)
	{
		side1 = a;
		side2 = b;
		side3 = c;
	}
	double getArea()
	{
		double p = (side1 + side2 + side3) / 2;
		return sqrt(p * (side1 - p) * (side2 - p)* (side3 - p));
	}
	double getPerimeter()
	{
		return side1 + side2 + side3;
	}
	void show()
	{
		cout << "Side:" << side1 << ", " << side2 << ", " << side3 << '\n';
	}
	string getClassName()
	{
		return "Triangle";
	}
};

 十一

声明并实现一个Student类，表示学生信息。Student类包括：
int类型的私有数据成员num，表示学号。
string类型的私有数据成员name，表示姓名。
int类型的私有数据成员score，表示成绩
char类型的私有数据成员grade，表示等级。
无参（默认）构造函数。

【输入】
输入若干个学生的信息。
每行一个学生信息，学号、姓名和成绩之间以空格间隔。
学号为0时，输入结束。
【输出】
文件学生.txt。
不需要在屏幕上显示信息。

#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <string>
#include <cstdlib>
using namespace std;
class Student {
public:
    Student(int num, string name, int score, char grade) {
        this->num = num;
        this->name = name;
        this->score = score;
        this->grade = grade;
    }
    int getNum() const {
        return num;
    }
    string getName() const {
        return name;
    }
    int getScore() const {
        return score;
    }
    char getGrade() const {
        return grade;
    }
    friend ostream &operator<<(ostream &out, const Student &student);
    friend istream &operator>>(istream &in, Student &student);
private:
    int num;	
    string name;
    int score;	
    char grade;	
};
ostream &operator<<(ostream &out, const Student &student) {
    out << student.num << " " << student.name << " "
        << student.score << " " << student.grade << endl;
    return out;
}
istream &operator>>(istream &in, Student &student) {
    in >> student.num >> student.name >> student.score >> student.grade;
    return in;
}
int main() {
    ofstream outFile;
    outFile.open("student.txt");
    if(!outFile.is_open()) {
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }
    int num;
    string name;
    int score;
    char grade;
    cin >> num;
    while(num != 0) {
        cin >> name >> score;
        switch(score / 10) {
            case 10:
            case 9: grade = 'A';
                    break;
            case 8: grade = 'B';
                    break;
            case 7: grade = 'C';
                    break;
            case 6: grade = 'D';
                    break;
            default: grade = 'E';
                     break;
        }
        Student student(num, name, score, grade);
        outFile << student;
        cin >> num;
    }
    outFile.close();
    return 0;
}

以二进制方式打开图片文件并读取该文件中的第 13（从1开始计数，后同）,49, 80 个字节处的值，求这3个二进制数按位异或的结果（16进制表示）。
可以鼠标右键另存为下载图片文件：

#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
using namespace std;
int main() {
    ifstream fin("image.jpg", ios::binary);
    char byte1, byte2, byte3;
    fin.seekg(12, ios::beg);
    fin.read((char *)&byte1, 1);
    fin.seekg(48, ios::beg);
    fin.read((char *)&byte2, 1);
    fin.seekg(79, ios::beg);
    fin.read((char *)&byte3, 1);
    cout << hex << ((byte1 ^ byte2 ^ byte3)  & 0x000000ff) << endl;
    return 0;
}

将一个明文文件plaintext.txt中的内容，按照一定的方法，对每个字符加密后存放到另一个密文文件ciphertext.txt中。
【输入】
文件.txt。（该文件已经存在，无需自己创建）
注意：本地调试程序时，则要求自己预先建立好plaintext.txt文件。在Windows下，可以使用记事本。

#include<iostream>
#include<string>
#include<fstream>
using namespace std;
int main(){
    ifstream ifs;
    ofstream ofs;
    ifs.open("plaintext.txt");
   
    ofs.open("ciphertext.txt");
    string buf;
    while (getline(ifs, buf)) {
        for (int i = 0; i < buf.length(); i++) {
            ofs << char(buf[i] + 2);
        }
        ofs<< '\n';
    }  
     ifs.close();
    ofs.close();
    
	return 0;
}

【描述】
输入一篇英文文章，求出现次数前三名的字母，不区分大小写（即出现A也计入出现a的次数中），按照次数由大到小输出，如果出现次数一样，按字典顺序输出。其它字符不予考虑。
附带说明：英文中，每个字母出现的频率是不一样的，在破译英文密码时，尤其是凯撒密码，统计每个字母出现的频率有着重要意义。
可以下载英文文章：
 

#include<bits/stdc++.h>
#include<unordered_map>
#define ll long long
#define ull unsigned long long
#define IOS ios::sync_with_stdio(false);cin.tie(0);cout.tie(0);
using namespace std;
struct node {
	char ch;
	ll cnt;
	bool operator < (const node& b)  const
	{
		return cnt > b.cnt;
	}
}a[26];

int main()
{
	fstream f;
	f.open("news.txt");
	string s;
	for (ll i = 0; i <= 25; i++)
		a[i].ch = 'a' + i;
	while (getline(f, s))
	{
		for (char i : s)
		{
			if (!isalpha(i))
				continue;
			if (i <= 'Z')
				a[i + 32 - 'a'].cnt++;
			else
				a[i - 'a'].cnt++;
		}
	}
	sort(a, a + 26); 
	for (ll i = 0; i <= 2; i++)
		cout << a[i].ch << ":" << a[i].cnt << '\n';
	return 0;
}

处理日志文件，日志文件的储存格式为“年/月/日 时：分：秒 用户名 操作”。
日志文件有多条记录：
2015/4/218：00：33 37c3b6b58c6ac3 LOGIN
2015/4/218：15：35 11734e186f24fe4c LOGIN
2015/4/218：34：57 9f3cf331d19a9f LOGIN
2015/4/219：00：29 389bcca2159f5de7 LOGIN
2015/4/219：08：29 c3bde693fdb3c3d LOGIN

文件times.txt，注意：这里只给出了其中部分内容。
37c3b6b58c6ac 31887052
11734e186f24fe4c 2088931
9f3cf331d19a9f 2147511
389bcca2159f5de 71398643
c3bde693fdb3c3d 1297166

#include<bitsdc++.h>
using namespace std;
typedef long long ll;

const ll daytime = 86400;
int pos;

struct node{
    string id;
    ll sum,last;
} a[10100];

ll work(string date, string time) {
    ll ans = 0, day, hour, min, sec,month;
    month = date[5] - '0';

    if (date.size() == 9) {
        day = (date[7] - '0') * 10 + date[8] - '0';
    } else {
        day = date[7] - '0';
    }


    if (month == 4) {
        ans += (day - 21) * daytime;
    } else if (month == 5) {
        ans += daytime * (9 + day );
    } else {
        ans += daytime * (40 + day);
    }

    if (time.size() == 7) {
        hour = time[0] - '0';
        min = (time[2] - '0') * 10 + time[3] - '0';
        sec = (time[5] - '0') * 10 + time[6] - '0';
    } else {
        hour = (time[0] - '0') * 10 + time[1] - '0';
        min = (time[3] - '0') * 10 + time[4] - '0';
        sec = (time[6] - '0') * 10 + time[7] - '0';
    }
    ans +=   hour * 3600 +  min * 60 +  sec;
    return ans;
}

int add(string name) {
    for (int i = 1; i <= pos; i++) {
        if (name== a[i].id){
            return i;
        }
    }
    a[++pos]={name,0,0};
    return pos;
}

int main() {

    ifstream inFile;
    inFile.open("log.txt");
    ofstream outFile;
    outFile.open("times.txt");
    string date, time, name, op;
    pos = 0;

    while (inFile>> date>> time>> name>> op) {
        //cout<<" "<<date<<" "<<time<<" "<<name<<" "<<op<<endl;
        int x = add(name);
        int tmp = work(date, time);
        if (op== "LOGIN") {
            a[x].last = tmp;
        } else {
            a[x].sum += tmp - a[x].last;
        }
    }
    for (int i = 1; i <= pos; ++i) {
        outFile<< a[i].id<<" "<<a[i].sum<<endl;
        //cout<< a[i].id<<" "<<a[i].sum<<endl;;
    }
    return 0;
}

【描述】
输入10个整数存入文本文件example.txt中，文件每行存放5个整数，每行整数之间用一个空格间隔。行末不能有多余的空格。
【输入】
输入10个整数。
【输出】
生成文件示例.txt，里面存放输入的10个整数。
不需要在屏幕上显示整数。
【输入示例】
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
【输出示例】
生成文件example.txt，其中内容：
1 2 3 4
6 7 8 9 10

#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <cstdlib>
using namespace std;
int main() {
    ofstream outFile;
    outFile.open("example.txt");
    if(!outFile.is_open()) {
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }
    int count = 1;
    int x;
    for(int i = 0; i < 10; ++i) {
        cin >> x;
        outFile << x;
        if(i==5)
            outFile << endl;
	else
	    outFile << " ";        
    }
    outFile.close();
    return 0;
}

声明并实现了一个矩形类，表示矩形。Rectangle类包括：
double类型的私有数据成员width和height，表示矩形的宽和高。
带默认参数的构造函数，将矩形的宽和高设置为给定的参数。宽和高的默认参数值为1。
更改器函数setWidth和setHeight，分别用于修改矩形的宽和高。
访问器函数getWidth和getHeight，分别用于访问矩形的宽和高。
成员函数computeArea，返回矩形的面积。
成员函数computePerimeter，返回矩形的周长。
创建5个Rectangle对象（每个Rectangle对象的宽和高分别为1、2、3、4、5）并将它们写入二进制文件object.dat中。修改第3个对象的宽为10、高为3.5，再把修改后的该对象写回文件原位置。
【输入】
没有输入。
【输出】
生成文件object.dat

#include<iostream>
#include<fstream>

using namespace std;

class Rectangle {
    private:
        double width;
        double height;
    public:
        Rectangle(double w = 1, double h = 1) {
            width = w;
            height = h;
        }

        double getWidth() {
            return width;
        }

        double getHeight() {
            return height;
        }

        void setWidth(double newWidth) {
            width = newWidth;
        } 

        void setHeight(double newHeight) {
            height = newHeight;
        }

        double computeArea() {
            return width * height;
        }

        double computePerimeter() {
            return 2 * (height + width);
        }


};
int main () {
    ofstream fout;
    ifstream fin;
    fout.open("object.dat", ios::out | ios::binary);
    Rectangle r[5];
    for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
        r[i] = Rectangle(i + 1, i + 1);
    }
    fout.write((const char *)(&r), sizeof(r));
    fout.close();
    Rectangle res[5];
    fin.open("object.dat", ios::in | ios::binary);
    fin.read(reinterpret_cast<char *>(res), sizeof(res));
    res[2].setHeight(3.5);
    res[2].setWidth(10);
    fin.close();
    fout.open("object.dat", ios::out | ios::binary);
    fout.write((const char *)(&r), sizeof(r));
    fout.close();
    return 0;
}

需要计算一些学生的加权平均分。给定输入文件gpa.dat，文件中每个学生的信息都由两行内容组成。第一行是学生姓名，第二行是他几门课的成绩。下面是某个输入文件gpa.dat的内容：
张三
3 2.8 4 3.9 3 3.1
李思
3 3.9 3 4.0 4 3.9
王武
2 4.0 3 3.6 4 3.8 1 2.8
刘刘
3 3.0 4 2.9 3 3.2 2 2.5

#include<bits/stdc++.h>
#include<unordered_map>
#define ll long long
#define ull unsigned long long
#define IOS ios::sync_with_stdio(false);cin.tie(0);cout.tie(0);
using namespace std;

const ll inf = 0x3f3f3f3f;
const double eps = 1e-4;
const ll N = 2e5 + 5;
const int mod = 1e9 + 7;

signed main()
{
	ifstream infile;
	infile.open("gpa.dat");
	string s;
	map<string, ll> mp;
	double mx = 0, mi = inf;
	//while(getline(cin, s))
	while (getline(infile, s))
	{
		string sc;
		//getline(cin, sc);
		getline(infile, sc);
		double aver = 0, sumxf = 0, cnt = 0;
		for (ll i = 0; i < sc.size();)
		{
			//cnt++;
			sumxf += sc[i] - '0';
			aver += (sc[i] - '0') * (sc[i + 2] - '0' + (sc[i + 4] - '0') * 0.1);
			i += 6;
		}
		//aver /= cnt;
		double ans = aver / sumxf;
		mi = min(ans, mi);
		mx = max(ans, mx);
		cout << "GPA for " << s << " = " << fixed << setprecision(2) << ans << '\n';
	}
	cout << "max GPA" << " = " << mx << '\n';
	cout << "min GPA" << " = " << mi << '\n';
	infile.close();
	cout << mp.size();
	return 0;
}

处理日志文件，日志文件的储存格式为“年/月/日 时：分：秒 用户名 操作”。
日志文件有多条记录：
2015/4/218：00：33 37c3b6b58c6ac3 LOGIN
2015/4/218：15：35 11734e186f24fe4c LOGIN
2015/4/218：34：57 9f3cf331d19a9f LOGIN
2015/4/219：00：29 389bcca2159f5de7 LOGIN
2015/4/219：08：29 c3bde693fdb3c3d LOGIN

【输入示例】
无
【输出示例】
123

#include<iostream>
#include<fstream>
#include<string>
#include<set>
using namespace std;
set<string> st;
string s;
int main () {
	ifstream ifs;
	ifs.open("log.txt");
	while (ifs >> s) {
		ifs >> s;
		ifs >> s;
		st.insert(s);
		ifs>> s;
	}
	cout << st.size();
	ifs.close();
	return 0;
}

给定文件hours.txt，其中包含每个员工工作时间的记录。每一行表示一周的工作时间。每周有7天，所以每行最多有7个数字。规定每周从周一开始，文件中的每一行都是从周一的工作小时数开始，后面是周二，等等，周日的数字放在这一行的最后。每行中的数字可以少于7个，因为员工并不是每天都要工作。下面是文件hours.txt的内容：
8 8 8 8 8
8 4 8 4 4 4 8
4 8 4 8
3 0 0 8 6 4 4
8 8
0 0 8 8
8 8 8 4 4 4

#include<bits/stdc++.h>
#include<unordered_map>
#define ll long long
#define ull unsigned long long
#define IOS ios::sync_with_stdio(false);cin.tie(0);cout.tie(0);
using namespace std;

const ll inf = 0x3f3f3f3f;
const double eps = 1e-4;
const ll N = 2e5 + 5;
const int mod = 1e9 + 7;

signed main()
{
	fstream f;
	f.open("hours.txt");
	ll a[10] = { 0 };
	string s;
	while (getline(f, s))
	{
		s += ' ';
		ll num = 0, ans = 0;
		for (ll i = -1, cnt = 1; i < (int)s.size() - 1; cnt++)
		{
			num = 0;
			while (s[++i] != ' ')
				num = num * 10 + s[i] - '0';
			ans += num;
			a[cnt] += num;
		}
		cout << "Total hours = " << ans << '\n';
	}
	cout << '\n';
	cout << "Mon hours = " << a[1] << '\n';
	cout << "Tue hours = " << a[2] << '\n';
	cout << "Wed hours = " << a[3] << '\n';
	cout << "Thu hours = " << a[4] << '\n';
	cout << "Fri hours = " << a[5] << '\n';
	cout << "Sat hours = " << a[6] << '\n';
	cout << "Sun hours = " << a[7] << '\n';
	cout << "Total hours = " << a[1] + a[2] + a[3] + a[4] + a[5] + a[6] + a[7];
	return 0;
}