【JavaEE】throw和throws的区别

举例

throw应用场景：

public class Example {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        int age = -1;
        try {
            if (age <= 0) {
                throw new IllegalArgumentException("年龄必须大于0");
            }
        } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
            System.out.println(e.getMessage());
        }
    }
}

throws应用场景：

import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.FileReader;

public class Example {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws FileNotFoundException {
        FileReader fileReader = new FileReader("example.txt");
    }
}

很明显的看出，两者的区别很明显，即throw是用于手动抛出异常，throws用于声明在该方法内抛出了异常。这是本质区别，由此衍生另外两个区别：throw 位于方法体内部，可以作为单独语句使用。throws必须跟在方法参数列表的后面，不能单独使用；throw 抛出一个异常对象，而且只能是一个。throws后面跟异常类而且可以跟多个异常类。

案例：

public class Example {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try {
            divideNumbers(10, 0);
        } catch (ArithmeticException | NullPointerException e) {
            System.out.println("Caught exception: " + e.getMessage());
        }
    }

    public static void divideNumbers(int num1, int num2) throws ArithmeticException, NullPointerException {
        if (num2 == 0) {
            throw new ArithmeticException("Cannot divide by zero");
        }

        if (num1 == 0) {
            throw new NullPointerException("Number is null");
        }

        int result = num1 / num2;
        System.out.println("Result: " + result);
    }
}