Linux学习第四周-软件安装管理以及三剑客sed

1、打包/etc/目录下面所有conf结尾的文件，压缩包名称为当天的时间，并拷贝到/usr/local/src目录备份。

find /etc/ -name "*.conf" | xargs tar -cpf `date +%F`.tar && cp -a `date +%F`.tar /usr/local/src/

[root@centos8 etc]# find /etc/ -name "*.conf" | xargs tar -cpf `date +%F`.tar && cp -a `date +%F`.tar /usr/local/src/

2、查找当前系统上没有属主或属组，且最近一个周内曾被访问过的文件或目录

[root@centos8 etc]# find / -nouser -o -nogroup -a -atime 7 -ls
find: ‘/proc/3527’: No such file or directory
find: ‘/proc/3749’: No such file or directory
find: ‘/proc/3750/task/3750/fd/7’: No such file or directory
find: ‘/proc/3750/task/3750/fdinfo/7’: No such file or directory
find: ‘/proc/3750/fd/8’: No such file or directory
find: ‘/proc/3750/fdinfo/8’: No such file or directory

3、查找/etc目录下至少有一类用户没有执行权限的文件

[root@centos8 etc]# find /etc/ ! -perm /111 -ls
134320259      4 -rw-r--r--   1  root     root          709 Jul 28 12:04 /etc/fstab
134320260      0 -rw-------   1  root     root            0 Jul 28 12:04 /etc/crypttab
134971349      4 -rw-r--r--   1  root     root           78 Sep 23 18:08 /etc/resolv.conf
 67108996      4 -rw-r--r--   1  root     root           76 Jul 28 12:05 /etc/dnf/modules.d/container-tools.module
 67108997      4 -rw-r--r--   1  root     root           70 Jul 28 12:05 /etc/dnf/modules.d/llvm-toolset.module
 67108998      4 -rw-r--r--   1  root     root           53 Jul 28 12:05 /etc/dnf/modules.d/perl.module
 67108999      4 -rw-r--r--   1  root     root           75 Jul 28 12:05 /etc/dnf/modules.d/perl-DBD-SQLite.module
 67109000      4 -rw-r--r--   1  root     root           62 Jul 28 12:05 /etc/dnf/modules.d/perl-DBI.module
 67109001      4 -rw-r--r--   1  root     root           82 Jul 28 12:05 /etc/dnf/modules.d/perl-IO-Socket-SSL.module
 67109002      4 -rw-r--r--   1  root     root           77 Jul 28 12:05 /etc/dnf/modules.d/perl-libwww-perl.module
 67109003      4 -rw-r--r--   1  root     root           60 Jul 28 12:05 /etc/dnf/modules.d/python36.module

4、自建网络yum源（通过httpd实现)

      

[root@centos7 ~]# systemctl enable --now httpd
[root@centos7 ~]# mkdir /var/www/html/centos/8 -pv
mkdir: created directory ‘/var/www/html/centos’
mkdir: created directory ‘/var/www/html/centos/8’
[root@centos7 ~]# mount /dev/sr0 /mnt/
mount: /dev/sr0 is write-protected, mounting read-only
[root@centos7 ~]# cp -a /mnt/* /var/www/html/centos/8
[root@centos7 ~]# vim /etc/yum.repos.d/test.repo
[root@centos7 ~]# ss -ntl
State      Recv-Q Send-Q                                                          Local Address:Port                                                                         Peer Address:Port
LISTEN     0      128                                                                         *:22                                                                                      *:*
LISTEN     0      100                                                                 127.0.0.1:25                                                                                      *:*
LISTEN     0      80                                                                       [::]:3306                                                                                 [::]:*
LISTEN     0      128                                                                      [::]:80                                                                                   [::]:*
LISTEN     0      128                                                                      [::]:22                                                                                   [::]:*
LISTEN     0      100                  

5、利用sed 取出ifconfig命令中本机的IPv4地址

[root@centos8 ~]# ifconfig | sed -n '/netmask/p' | cut -d" " -f 10
10.0.0.201
127.0.0.1
10.0.0.200
192.168.122.1

6、删除/etc/fstab文件中所有以#开头，后面至少跟一个空白字符的行的行首的#和空白字符

[root@centos8 ~]# sed -r 's/^(#[[:space:]]*)//g' /etc/fstab


/etc/fstab
Created by anaconda on Wed Jul 28 04:04:41 2021

Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk/'.
See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info.

After editing this file, run 'systemctl daemon-reload' to update systemd
units generated from this file.

UUID=3815a084-ea03-407b-af5c-6c9e3a795b08 /                       xfs     defaults        0 0
UUID=e4967d0c-9124-469d-93dd-27b0d6e5760e /boot                   xfs     defaults        0 0
UUID=00e571b4-1265-4dac-836c-8eb98ed9f8c1 /data                   xfs     defaults        0 0
UUID=d9fa0c61-170a-44d0-8bcc-642aeb89225d none                    swap    defaults        0 0

7、处理/etc/fstab路径,使用sed命令取出其目录名和基名、

[root@centos8 ~]# echo "/etc/fstab" | sed -r 's#^/(.*)/(.*)#\1#'
etc
[root@centos8 ~]# echo "/etc/fstab" | sed -r 's#^/(.*)/(.*)#\2#'
fstab