Day03-分支结构——基本if语句+应用、基本switch语句

基本if语句

if语句用于设置条件，选择性的执行某段代码。

if分支结构使用说明：

• 条件表达式必须是布尔表达式（关系表达式或逻辑表达式）、布尔变量
• 语句块只有一条执行语句时，一对{}可以省略，但建议保留
• if-else语句结构，根据需要可以嵌套使用
• 当多个条件是“互斥”关系时，条件判断语句及执行语句间顺序无所谓；当多个条件是“包含”关系时，“小上大下 / 子上父下”

代码中还用到了函数（方法），提高了代码的复用性。

函数（方法）的头部规范注释，用于说明该函数的作用、参数的意义等，为生成JavaDoc做准备。

package day03;

public class IfStatement {
	/**
	 * The entrance of the program.
	 * 
	 * @param args Not used now.
	 */
	public static void main(String args[]) {
		int tempNumber1, tempNumber2;

		// Try a positive value.
		tempNumber1 = 5;

		if (tempNumber1 > 0) {
			tempNumber2 = tempNumber1;
		} else {
			tempNumber2 = -tempNumber1;
		} // Of if

		System.out.println("The absolute value of " + tempNumber1 + " is " + tempNumber2);

		// Try a negative value.
		// Lines 25 through 33 are same as Lines 13 through 21.
		tempNumber1 = -3;

		if (tempNumber1 > 0) {
			tempNumber2 = tempNumber1;
		} else {
			tempNumber2 = -tempNumber1;
		} // Of if

		System.out.println("The absolute value of " + tempNumber1 + " is " + tempNumber2);

		// Now we use a method for this purpose.
		tempNumber1 = 6;
		System.out.println("The absolute value of " + tempNumber1 + " is " + abs(tempNumber1));

		tempNumber1 = -8;
		System.out.println("The absolute value of " + tempNumber1 + " is " + abs(tempNumber1));
	}

	/**
	 * The absolute value of the given parameter.
	 * 
	 * @param paraValue The given value.
	 */
	public static int abs(int paraValue) {
		if (paraValue >= 0) {
			return paraValue;
		} else {
			return -paraValue;
		} // Of if
	}// Of abs

}// Of class IfStatement

运行效果：

应用：闰年的计算

涉及到if的嵌套应用，使用布尔类型。

如何判断某年是否是闰年：

1. 年份能被4整除并且不能被100整除是闰年，如：100年，不是闰年；2008年，是闰年；
2. 年份能被400整除是闰年，如：2000年，是闰年；

输出语句：

• System.out.println() ：输出完内容后换行。
• System.out.print()：输出完内容后不换行。

package day03;

public class LeapYear {
	/**
	 * The entrance of the program.
	 * 
	 * @param args Not used now.
	 */
	public static void main(String args[]) {
		// Test isLeapYear
		int tempYear = 2021;

		System.out.print(tempYear + " is ");
		if (!isLeapYear(tempYear)) {
			System.out.print("NOT ");
		} // Of if
		System.out.println("a leap year");

		tempYear = 2000;

		System.out.print(tempYear + " is ");
		if (!isLeapYear(tempYear)) {
			System.out.print("NOT ");
		} // Of if
		System.out.println("a leap year");

		tempYear = 2100;

		System.out.print(tempYear + " is ");
		if (!isLeapYear(tempYear)) {
			System.out.print("NOT ");
		} // Of if
		System.out.println("a leap year");

		tempYear = 2004;

		System.out.print(tempYear + " is ");
		if (!isLeapYear(tempYear)) {
			System.out.print("NOT ");
		} // Of if
		System.out.println("a leap year");

		// Test isLeapYearV2
		System.out.println("Now use the second version.");
		tempYear = 2021;

		System.out.print(tempYear + " is ");
		if (!isLeapYearV2(tempYear)) {
			System.out.print("NOT ");
		} // Of if
		System.out.println("a leap year");

		tempYear = 2000;

		System.out.print(tempYear + " is ");
		if (!isLeapYearV2(tempYear)) {
			System.out.print("NOT ");
		} // Of if
		System.out.println("a leap year");

		tempYear = 2100;

		System.out.print(tempYear + " is ");
		if (!isLeapYearV2(tempYear)) {
			System.out.print("NOT ");
		} // Of if
		System.out.println("a leap year");

		tempYear = 2004;

		System.out.print(tempYear + " is ");
		if (!isLeapYearV2(tempYear)) {
			System.out.print("NOT ");
		} // Of if
		System.out.println("a leap year");

	}// Of main

	/**
	 * Is the given year leap?
	 * 
	 * @param paraYear The given year.
	 * @return A boolean value.
	 */
	public static boolean isLeapYear(int paraYear) {
		if ((paraYear % 4 == 0) && (paraYear % 100 != 0) || (paraYear % 400 == 0)) {
			return true;
		} else {
			return false;
		} // Of if
	}// Of isLeapYear

	/**
	 * Is the given year leap?Replace the complex condition with a number of if.
	 * 
	 * @param paraYear The given year.
	 * @return A boolean value.
	 */
	public static boolean isLeapYearV2(int paraYear) {
		if (paraYear % 4 != 0) {
			return false;
		} else if (paraYear % 400 == 0) {
			return true;
		} else if (paraYear % 100 == 0) {
			return false;
		} else {
			return true;
		}// Of if
	}// Of isLeapYearV2

}// Of class LeapYear

运行效果：

浅试生成JavaDoc，感受头部注释的作用：

 

 

 -encoding UTF-8 -charset UTF-8

switch基本语句

switch-case的使用：

switch(表达式){
case 常量1:
    语句1;
    // break;
case 常量2:
    语句2;
    // break;
……
case 常量N:
    语句N;
    // break;
default:
    语句;
    // break;
} 

switch语句有关规则：

• switch(表达式)中表达式的值必须是下述几种类型之一：byte，short，char，int，枚举 (jdk 5.0)，String (jdk 7.0)；
• case子句中的值必须是常量，不能是变量名或不确定的表达式值；
• 同一个switch语句，所有case子句中的常量值互不相同；
• break语句用来在执行完一个case分支后使程序跳出switch语句块；如果没有break，程序会顺序执行到switch结尾；
• 当没有匹配的case时，执行default。

package day03;

public class SwitchStatement {

	/**
	 * The entrance of the program.
	 * 
	 * @param args Not used now.
	 */
	public static void main(String args[]) {
		scoreToLevelTest();
	}// Of main

	/**
	 * Score to level
	 * 
	 * @param paraScore From 0 to 100.
	 * @return The level from A to F.
	 */
	public static char scoreToLevel(int paraScore) {
		// 'E' stands for error, and F stands for fail.
		char resultLevel = 'E';

		// Divide by 10, the result ranges from 0 to 10
		int tempDigitalLevel = paraScore / 10;

		// The use of break is important.
		switch (tempDigitalLevel) {
		case 10:
		case 9:
			resultLevel = 'A';
			break;
		case 8:
			resultLevel = 'B';
			break;
		case 7:
			resultLevel = 'C';
			break;
		case 6:
			resultLevel = 'D';
			break;
		case 5:
		case 4:
		case 3:
		case 2:
		case 1:
		case 0:
			resultLevel = 'F';
			break;
		default:
			resultLevel = 'E';
		}// Of switch

		return resultLevel;
	}// Of scoreToLevel

	/**
	 * Method unit test.
	 */
	public static void scoreToLevelTest() {
		int tempScore = 100;
		System.out.println("Score " + tempScore + " to level is: " + scoreToLevel(tempScore));

		tempScore = 91;
		System.out.println("Score " + tempScore + " to level is: " + scoreToLevel(tempScore));

		tempScore = 82;
		System.out.println("Score " + tempScore + " to level is: " + scoreToLevel(tempScore));

		tempScore = 75;
		System.out.println("Score " + tempScore + " to level is: " + scoreToLevel(tempScore));

		tempScore = 66;
		System.out.println("Score " + tempScore + " to level is: " + scoreToLevel(tempScore));

		tempScore = 52;
		System.out.println("Score " + tempScore + " to level is: " + scoreToLevel(tempScore));

		tempScore = 8;
		System.out.println("Score " + tempScore + " to level is: " + scoreToLevel(tempScore));

		tempScore = 120;
		System.out.println("Score " + tempScore + " to level is: " + scoreToLevel(tempScore));
	}// Of scoreToLevelTest

}// Of class SwitchStatement

运行效果：