一、Spring JDBC框架能做什么
Spring JDBC框架来处理原有的JDBC代码的细节,封装了不同的方法,提高了使用性。
那么我们需要做什么呢?
- 定义连接参数
- 创建并执行SQL语句
- 处理结果集
二、JDBC Template类
- Template类是线程安全的,所以可以配置单个实例,然后共享注入多个DAO中
- Template类能够执行Select,Update、存储过程调用,执行迭代结果集和提取返回参数值。
所以最常见的使用方法是:在Spring配置文件中配置数据源,然后共享数据源bean注入到DAO类中,并在数据源设值函数中创建JDBC Template。
三、使用Template类
步骤一:配置数据源
- pom.xml
引入JDBC依赖
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
<version>5.3.23</version>
</dependency>
- XML文件
<bean id="dataSource" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource">
mysql 8.0以上版本,使用com.mysql.cj.jdbc.driver
mysql 5.x版本,使用com.mysql.jdbc.driver
<property name="driverClassName" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"/>
<property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test"/>
<property name="username" value="root"/>
<property name="password" value="123456"/>
</bean>
步骤二:创建数据访问对象(DAO)
DAO代表常用的数据库交互的数据访问对象,它们提供一种方法来读取数据并将数据写入到数据库。
通常使用接口类来调用它们。
在Spring中,DAO支持JDBC,Hibernate,JPA或者JDO。
步骤三:执行SQL语句
CRUD操作
String sql = "select count(*) from user";
//查询数字类型数据
int rowCount = jdbcTemplateObject.queryForInt(sql); #读取int类型的数据
long rowCounts = jdbcTemplateObject.queryForLong(sql); #读取long类型的数据
//绑定变量的简单查询
//new Object[]{10},是为了绑定变量,并且按照顺序绑定
String sql = "select age from user where id = ?"
int age = jdbcTemplateObject.queryForInt(sql,new Object[]{10});
//查询字符串
//new Object[]{10,String.class} String.class作为返回类型Object返回
String sql = "select name from user where id = ?";
int name = jdbcTemplateObject.queryForObject(sql,new Object[]{10,String.class});
//查询并返回对象
String sql = "select * from user where id = ?";
User user = jdbcTemplateObject(sql,new UserMapper());
public class UserMapper implements RowMapper<User>{
public User mapRow(ResultSet rs,int rowNum) throws SQLException{
User user = new User(rs.getInt("id"),rs.getString("name"),rs.getInt("age"));
return user;
}
}
//插入数据
String SQL = "insert into Student (name, age) values (?, ?)";
jdbcTemplateObject.update( SQL, new Object[]{"Zara", 11} );
//更新数据
String SQL = "update Student set name = ? where id = ?";
jdbcTemplateObject.update( SQL, new Object[]{"Zara", 10} );
//删除数据
String SQL = "delete Student where id = ?";
jdbcTemplateObject.update( SQL, new Object[]{20} );
DDL:数据定义语言
用于创建数据库结构的语言,使用template的execute()方法执行sql语句。
String SQL = "CREATE TABLE user( " +
"ID INT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, " +
"NAME VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL, " +
"AGE INT NOT NULL, " +
"PRIMARY KEY (ID));"
jdbcTemplateObject.execute( SQL );
四、使用Template的示例
我们需要创建什么文件?
- POJO,对象类
- DAO,数据处理接口
- Template,数据库连接与操作类
- Mapper, 自定义对象配置类
POJO
public class User{
private Integer id;
private String name;
private Integer age;
public User() {
}
public User(Integer id, String name, Integer age) {
this.id = id;
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
}
public Integer getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(Integer id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public Integer getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(Integer age) {
this.age = age;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "User{" +
"id=" + id +
", name='" + name + '\'' +
", age=" + age +
'}';
}
}
DAO
public interface UserDao {
public void setDataSource(DataSource ds);
public void create(String name,Integer age);
public User getUser(Integer id);
public List<User> listUsers();
public void delete(Integer id);
public void update(Integer id,Integer age);
}
Template
```public class UserJdbcTemplate implements UserDao {
private DataSource dataSource;
private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate;
private String sql;
@Override
public void setDataSource(DataSource ds) {
this.dataSource = ds;
this.jdbcTemplate = new JdbcTemplate(dataSource);
}
@Override
public void create(String name, Integer age) {
sql = "insert into user (name,age) values (?,?)";
jdbcTemplate.update(sql,name,age);
}
@Override
public User getUser(Integer id) {
sql = "select * from user where id = ?";
return jdbcTemplate.queryForObject(sql,new Object[]{id},new UserMapper());
}
@Override
public List<User> listUsers() {
sql = "select * from user";
return jdbcTemplate.query(sql,new UserMapper());
}
@Override
public void delete(Integer id) {
sql = "delete from user where id = ?";
jdbcTemplate.update(sql,id);
System.out.println("Deleted Record with ID = " + id );
}
@Override
public void update(Integer id, Integer age) {
sql = "update user set age = ? where id = ?";
jdbcTemplate.update(sql,age,id);
System.out.println("Updated Record with ID = " + id );
}
}
Mapper
public class UserMapper implements RowMapper<User> {
@Override
public User mapRow(ResultSet rs, int rowNum) throws SQLException {
return new User(rs.getInt("id"),rs.getString("name"),rs.getInt("age"));
}
}
pom.xml
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
<version>5.3.23</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>5.1.47</version>
</dependency>
jdbc.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
<bean id="dataSource" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource">
<property name="driverClassName" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"/>
<property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test?useSSL=false"/>
<property name="username" value="root"/>
<property name="password" value="123456"/>
</bean>
<bean id="userJDBCTemplate" class="org.example.Template.UserJdbcTemplate">
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
</bean>
</beans>
Main.java
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("jdbc.xml");
UserJdbcTemplate template = (UserJdbcTemplate) context.getBean("userJDBCTemplate");
System.out.println("——————Created——————");
for (int i = 1; i < 4; i++) {
template.create("name"+i,i);
}
System.out.println("——————Listing Multiple Records——————");
List<User> list = template.listUsers();
for (User user :list) {
System.out.println(user);
}
System.out.println("——————Delete Record with ID = 1——————");
template.delete(1);
list = template.listUsers();
for (User user :list) {
System.out.println(user);
}
System.out.println("——————Updating Record with ID = 2——————");
template.update(2,20);
System.out.println("——————Listing Record with ID = 2——————");
System.out.println(template.getUser(2));
}
}
输出结果
——————Created——————
——————Listing Multiple Records——————
User{id=1, name='name1', age=1}
User{id=2, name='name2', age=2}
User{id=3, name='name3', age=3}
——————Delete Record with ID = 1——————
Deleted Record with ID = 1
User{id=2, name='name2', age=2}
User{id=3, name='name3', age=3}
——————Updating Record with ID = 2——————
Updated Record with ID = 2
——————Listing Record with ID = 2——————
User{id=2, name='name2', age=20}