FFmpeg 提取多音轨视频文件

在FFMpeg中，轨道信息保存在AVFormatContext中：

在AVFormatContext结构体中，有一个变量：nb_streams.

nb_streams描述如下:

/**
     * Number of elements in AVFormatContext.streams.
     *
     * Set by avformat_new_stream(), must not be modified by any other code.
     */
    unsigned int nb_streams;

nb_streams由编码用户所决定。nb_streams的数量代表着流的种类个数

例如：

对于一个音频文件，一般来说nb_streams的值为0。代表着只有0这一个轨道

对于视频文件来说，视频轨道一般为一个，音轨就不好说了。可能有 中英，国粤，国粤英，而且 字幕一般会占一个轨道。对于一些要求严格的movie，LTC也会占一个轨道。

一般情况下。视频轨道为0，音轨依次增加（1.2.3）。但字幕（4）和LTC（5）一般在最后面，但也不绝对。

AVFormatContext结构体的代码如下：

typedef struct AVFormatContext {
    /**
     * A class for logging and @ref avoptions. Set by avformat_alloc_context().
     * Exports (de)muxer private options if they exist.
     */
    const AVClass *av_class;

    /**
     * The input container format.
     *
     * Demuxing only, set by avformat_open_input().
     */
    struct AVInputFormat *iformat;

    /**
     * The output container format.
     *
     * Muxing only, must be set by the caller before avformat_write_header().
     */
    struct AVOutputFormat *oformat;

    /**
     * Format private data. This is an AVOptions-enabled struct
     * if and only if iformat/oformat.priv_class is not NULL.
     *
     * - muxing: set by avformat_write_header()
     * - demuxing: set by avformat_open_input()
     */
    void *priv_data;

    /**
     * I/O context.
     *
     * - demuxing: either set by the user before avformat_open_input() (then
     *             the user must close it manually) or set by avformat_open_input().
     * - muxing: set by the user before avformat_write_header(). The caller must
     *           take care of closing / freeing the IO context.
     *
     * Do NOT set this field if AVFMT_NOFILE flag is set in
     * iformat/oformat.flags. In such a case, the (de)muxer will handle
     * I/O in some other way and this field will be NULL.
     */
    AVIOContext *pb;

    /* stream info */
    int ctx_flags; /**< Format-specific flags, see AVFMTCTX_xx */

    /**
     * Number of elements in AVFormatContext.streams.
     *
     * Set by avformat_new_stream(), must not be modified by any other code.
     */
    unsigned int nb_streams;
    /**
     * A list of all streams in the file. New streams are created with
     * avformat_new_stream().
     *
     * - demuxing: streams are created by libavformat in avformat_open_input().
     *             If AVFMTCTX_NOHEADER is set in ctx_flags, then new streams may also
     *             appear in av_read_frame().
     * - muxing: streams are created by the user before avformat_write_header().
     *
     * Freed by libavformat in avformat_free_context().
     */
    AVStream **streams;

    /**
     * input or output filename
     *
     * - demuxing: set by avformat_open_input()
     * - muxing: may be set by the caller before avformat_write_header()
     */
    char filename[1024];

    /**
     * Position of the first frame of the component, in
     * AV_TIME_BASE fractional seconds. NEVER set this value directly:
     * It is deduced from the AVStream values.
     *
     * Demuxing only, set by libavformat.
     */