docker容器网络配置

linux内核实现名称空间的创建

创建Network Namespace

通过命令创建一个名为ns0的命名空间

[root@docker ~]# ip netns list
[root@docker ~]# ip netns add ns0
[root@docker ~]# ip netns list
ns0

新创建的 Network Namespace 会出现在/var/run/netns/目录下。如果相同名字的 namespace 已经存在,命令会报Cannot create namespace file “/var/run/netns/ns0”: File exists的错误。

[root@docker ~]# ls /var/run/netns/
ns0
[root@docker ~]# ip netns add ns0
Cannot create namespace file "/var/run/netns/ns0": File exists

对于每个 Network Namespace 来说,它会有自己独立的网卡、路由表、ARP 表、iptables 等和网络相关的资源。

操作Network Namespace

ip命令提供了ip netns exec子命令可以在对应的 Network Namespace 中执行命令。

查看新创建 Network Namespace 的网卡信息

[root@docker ~]# ip netns exec ns0 ip addr
1: lo: <LOOPBACK> mtu 65536 qdisc noop state DOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00

可以看到,新创建的Network Namespace中会默认创建一个lo回环网卡,此时网卡处于关闭状态。此时,尝试去 ping 该lo回环网卡,会提示Network is unreachable

[root@docker ~]# ip netns exec ns0 ping 127.0.0.1
connect: Network is unreachable

通过下面的命令启用lo回环网卡

[root@docker ~]# ip netns exec ns0 ip link set lo up
[root@docker ~]# ip netns exec ns0 ping 127.0.0.1
PING 127.0.0.1 (127.0.0.1) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 127.0.0.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.040 ms
64 bytes from 127.0.0.1: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.044 ms
64 bytes from 127.0.0.1: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.045 ms

转移设备

创建veth pair
[root@docker ~]# ip link add type veth
[root@docker ~]# ip a
60: veth0@veth1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,M-DOWN> mtu 1500 qdisc noop state DOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 92:bc:1b:92:8c:df brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
61: veth1@veth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,M-DOWN> mtu 1500 qdisc noop state DOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 9e:be:6e:03:85:91 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

可以看到,此时系统中新增了一对veth pair,将veth0和veth1两个虚拟网卡连接了起来,此时这对 veth pair 处于”未启用“状态

实现Network Namespace间通信

下面我们利用veth pair实现两个不同的 Network Namespace 之间的通信。刚才我们已经创建了一个名为ns0的 Network Namespace,下面再创建一个信息Network Namespace,命名为ns1

[root@docker ~]# ip netns add ns1
[root@docker ~]# ip netns list
ns1
ns0

然后我们将veth0加入到ns0,将veth1加入到ns1

[root@docker ~]# ip link set veth0 netns ns0
[root@docker ~]# ip link set veth1 netns ns1

然后我们分别为这对veth pair配置上ip地址,并启用它们

[root@docker ~]# ip netns exec ns0 ip link set veth0 up
[root@docker ~]# ip netns exec ns0 ip addr add 10.0.0.1/24 dev veth0
[root@docker ~]# ip netns exec ns1 ip link set lo up
[root@docker ~]# ip netns exec ns1 ip link set veth1 up
[root@docker ~]# ip netns exec ns1 ip addr add 10.0.0.2/24 dev veth1

查看这对veth pair的状态

[root@docker ~]# ip netns exec ns0 ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
60: veth0@if61: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 92:bc:1b:92:8c:df brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netnsid 1
    inet 10.0.0.1/24 scope global veth0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::90bc:1bff:fe92:8cdf/64 scope link 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
[root@docker ~]# ip netns exec ns1 ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
61: veth1@if60: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 9e:be:6e:03:85:91 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netnsid 0
    inet 10.0.0.2/24 scope global veth1
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::9cbe:6eff:fe03:8591/64 scope link 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

从上面可以看出,我们已经成功启用了这个veth pair,并为每个veth设备分配了对应的ip地址。我们尝试在ns1中访问ns0中的ip地址:

[root@docker ~]# ip netns exec ns0 ping 10.0.0.2
PING 10.0.0.2 (10.0.0.2) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 10.0.0.2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.058 ms
64 bytes from 10.0.0.2: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.059 ms
64 bytes from 10.0.0.2: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.058 ms

可以看到,veth pair成功实现了两个不同Network Namespace之间的网络交互。

veth设备重命名
[root@docker ~]# ip netns exec ns0 ip link set veth0 down
[root@docker ~]# ip netns exec ns0 ip link set dev veth0 name eth0
[root@docker ~]# ip netns exec ns1 ip link set veth1 down
[root@docker ~]# ip netns exec ns1 ip link set dev veth1 name eth0
[root@docker ~]# ip netns exec ns0 ip addr
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
60: eth0@if61: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 92:bc:1b:92:8c:df brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netnsid 1
    inet 10.0.0.1/24 scope global eth0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
[root@docker ~]# ip netns exec ns1 ip addr
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
61: eth0@if60: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 9e:be:6e:03:85:91 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netnsid 0
    inet 10.0.0.2/24 scope global eth0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
[root@docker ~]# ip netns exec ns0 ip link set eth0 up
[root@docker ~]# ip netns exec ns1 ip link set eth0 up
[root@docker ~]# ip netns exec ns0 ping 10.0.0.2
PING 10.0.0.2 (10.0.0.2) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 10.0.0.2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.079 ms
64 bytes from 10.0.0.2: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.049 ms

四种网络模式配置

bridge模式配置

用docker run去镜像仓库中拉取busybox镜像文件到本地并运行为busybox容器名字为t1,用rm当容器中止时便删除容器

[root@docker ~]# docker run -it --name t1 --rm busybox
Unable to find image 'busybox:latest' locally
latest: Pulling from library/busybox
0669b0daf1fb: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:b26cd013274a657b86e706210ddd5cc1f82f50155791199d29b9e86e935ce135
Status: Downloaded newer image for busybox:latest
/ # ifconfig
eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 02:42:AC:12:00:02  
          inet addr:172.18.0.2  Bcast:172.18.255.255  Mask:255.255.0.0
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 
          RX bytes:0 (0.0 B)  TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)

lo        Link encap:Local Loopback  
          inet addr:127.0.0.1  Mask:255.0.0.0
          UP LOOPBACK RUNNING  MTU:65536  Metric:1
          RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 
          RX bytes:0 (0.0 B)  TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)

/ # exit
[root@docker ~]# docker container ls -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
# 在创建容器时添加--network bridge与不加--network选项效果是一致的,bridge模式是docker的默认网络模式
[root@docker ~]# docker run -it --name t1 --network bridge --rm busybox/ # ifconfig
eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 02:42:AC:12:00:02  
          inet addr:172.18.0.2  Bcast:172.18.255.255  Mask:255.255.0.0
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 
          RX bytes:0 (0.0 B)  TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)

lo        Link encap:Local Loopback  
          inet addr:127.0.0.1  Mask:255.0.0.0
          UP LOOPBACK RUNNING  MTU:65536  Metric:1
          RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 
          RX bytes:0 (0.0 B)  TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)

/ # exit
none模式配置

使用none模式,Docker容器拥有自己的Network Namespace,但是,并不为Docker容器进行任何网络配置。也就是说,这个Docker容器没有网卡、IP、路由等信息。需要我们自己为Docker容器添加网卡、配置IP等

[root@docker ~]# docker run -it --name t1 --network none --rm busybox
/ # ifconfig
lo        Link encap:Local Loopback  
          inet addr:127.0.0.1  Mask:255.0.0.0
          UP LOOPBACK RUNNING  MTU:65536  Metric:1
          RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 
          RX bytes:0 (0.0 B)  TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)

/ # ifconfig -a
lo        Link encap:Local Loopback  
          inet addr:127.0.0.1  Mask:255.0.0.0
          UP LOOPBACK RUNNING  MTU:65536  Metric:1
          RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 
          RX bytes:0 (0.0 B)  TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)
container模式配置

启动第一个容器

[root@docker ~]# docker run -it --name t1 --rm busybox
/ # ifconfig
eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 02:42:AC:12:00:02  
          inet addr:172.18.0.2  Bcast:172.18.255.255  Mask:255.255.0.0
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 
          RX bytes:0 (0.0 B)  TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)

lo        Link encap:Local Loopback  
          inet addr:127.0.0.1  Mask:255.0.0.0
          UP LOOPBACK RUNNING  MTU:65536  Metric:1
          RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 
          RX bytes:0 (0.0 B)  TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)

启动第二个容器

[root@docker ~]# docker run -it --name b2 --rm busybox
/ # ifconfig
eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 02:42:AC:12:00:03  
          inet addr:172.18.0.3  Bcast:172.18.255.255  Mask:255.255.0.0
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 
          RX bytes:0 (0.0 B)  TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)

lo        Link encap:Local Loopback  
          inet addr:127.0.0.1  Mask:255.0.0.0
          UP LOOPBACK RUNNING  MTU:65536  Metric:1
          RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 
          RX bytes:0 (0.0 B)  TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)

这里t1和t2的ip并不一样,当吧第二个容器设置为container模式便和t1共享同一个ip

[root@docker ~]# docker run -it --name b2 --network container:t1 --rm busybox
/ # ifconfig
eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 02:42:AC:12:00:02  
          inet addr:172.18.0.2  Bcast:172.18.255.255  Mask:255.255.0.0
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 
          RX bytes:0 (0.0 B)  TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)

lo        Link encap:Local Loopback  
          inet addr:127.0.0.1  Mask:255.0.0.0
          UP LOOPBACK RUNNING  MTU:65536  Metric:1
          RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 
          RX bytes:0 (0.0 B)  TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)

此时我们在t1创建一个目录

/ # mkdir /tmp/haha
/ # ls /tmp
haha

在t2上查看是,并没有这个目录,所以container模式只是共享同一个ip,并不共享文件系统


/ # ls /tmp

在t2容器上部署一个站点
···
/ # echo ‘hello’ > /tmp/index.html
/ # ls /tmp/
index.html
/ # httpd -h /tmp
/ # netstat -antl
Active Internet connections (servers and established)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State
tcp 0 0 :::80 ::😗 LISTEN

···

到t1上去访问

/ # wget -O - -q 172.18.0.2
hello

由此可见,container模式下的容器间关系就相当于一台主机上的两个不同进程

host模式配置
root@docker ~]# docker run -it --name t1 --rm --network host busybox
/ # ifconfig
docker0   Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 02:42:0D:6E:F1:F9  
          inet addr:172.18.0.1  Bcast:172.18.255.255  Mask:255.255.0.0
          UP BROADCAST MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 
          RX bytes:0 (0.0 B)  TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)

eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:16:3E:32:D7:FF  
          inet addr:172.17.64.5  Bcast:172.17.79.255  Mask:255.255.240.0
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:238588 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:79474 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 
          RX bytes:267215804 (254.8 MiB)  TX bytes:9115509 (8.6 MiB)

lo        Link encap:Local Loopback  
          inet addr:127.0.0.1  Mask:255.0.0.0
          UP LOOPBACK RUNNING  MTU:65536  Metric:1
          RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 
          RX bytes:0 (0.0 B)  TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)


此时如果我们在这个容器中启动一个http站点,我们就可以直接用宿主机的IP直接在浏览器中访问这个容器中的站点了。

/ # echo 'haha' >/tmp/index.html
/ # ls /tmp
index.html
/ # httpd -h /tmp
/ # netstat -antl
Active Internet connections (servers and established)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address           Foreign Address         State       
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:22              0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      
tcp        0      0 172.17.64.5:22          36.106.238.153:21044    ESTABLISHED 
tcp        0      0 172.17.64.5:57866       100.100.30.25:80        ESTABLISHED 
tcp        0      0 172.17.64.5:22          36.106.238.153:20485    ESTABLISHED 
tcp        0      0 :::80                   :::*                    LISTEN      

在这里插入图片描述

容器的日常操作

查看容器的主机名
[root@docker ~]# docker run -it --name t1 --rm --network bridge busybox 
/ # hostname
6aec60052e94
在容器启动时注入主机名
[root@docker ~]# docker run -it --name t1 --network bridge --hostname haha --rm  busybox
/ # hostname
haha
/ # 
/ # cat /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1	localhost
::1	localhost ip6-localhost ip6-loopback
fe00::0	ip6-localnet
ff00::0	ip6-mcastprefix
ff02::1	ip6-allnodes
ff02::2	ip6-allrouters
172.18.0.2	haha    ### 注入主机名时会自动创建主机名到IP的映射关系
/ # cat /etc/resolv.conf
options timeout:2 attempts:3 rotate single-request-reopen
; generated by /usr/sbin/dhclient-script
nameserver 100.100.2.136
nameserver 100.100.2.138  # DNS也会自动配置为宿主机的DNS
/ # ping www.baidu.com
PING www.baidu.com (220.181.38.150): 56 data bytes
64 bytes from 220.181.38.150: seq=0 ttl=53 time=4.995 ms
64 bytes from 220.181.38.150: seq=1 ttl=53 time=5.020 ms    # DNS也会自动配置为宿主机的DNS
手动指定容器要使用的DNS
[root@docker ~]# docker run -it --name t1 --network bridge --hostname haha --dns 8.8.8.8 --rm  busybox
/ # cat /etc/resolv.conf
nameserver 8.8.8.8
options timeout:2 attempts:3 rotate single-request-reopen
/ # 

手动往/etc/hosts文件中注入主机名到IP地址的映射

[root@docker ~]# docker run -it --name t1 --network bridge --hostname haha --add-host www.a.com:1.1.1.1  --rm  busybox
/ # cat /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1	localhost
::1	localhost ip6-localhost ip6-loopback
fe00::0	ip6-localnet
ff00::0	ip6-mcastprefix
ff02::1	ip6-allnodes
ff02::2	ip6-allrouters
1.1.1.1	www.a.com
172.18.0.2	haha

开放容器端口

执行docker run的时候有个-p选项,可以将容器中的应用端口映射到宿主机中,从而实现让外部主机可以通过访问宿主机的某端口来访问容器内应用的目的。

-p选项能够使用多次,其所能够暴露的端口必须是容器确实在监听的端口。

-p选项的使用格式:

-p
将指定的容器端口映射至主机所有地址的一个动态端口
-p :
将容器端口映射至指定的主机端口
-p ::
将指定的容器端口映射至主机指定的动态端口
-p ::
将指定的容器端口映射至主机指定的端口

动态端口指的是随机端口,具体的映射结果可使用docker port命令查看

[root@docker ~]# docker run --name web --rm -p 80 nginx

以上命令执行后会一直占用着前端,我们新开一个终端连接来看一下容器的80端口被映射到了宿主机的什么端口上

[root@docker ~]# docker port web
80/tcp -> 0.0.0.0:32769

由此可见,容器的80端口被暴露到了宿主机的32769端口上,此时我们在宿主机上访问一下这个端口看是否能访问到容器内的站点

[root@docker ~]# curl http://127.0.0.1:32769
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Welcome to nginx!</title>
<style>
    body {
        width: 35em;
        margin: 0 auto;
        font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif;
    }
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Welcome to nginx!</h1>
<p>If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and
working. Further configuration is required.</p>

<p>For online documentation and support please refer to
<a href="http://nginx.org/">nginx.org</a>.<br/>
Commercial support is available at
<a href="http://nginx.com/">nginx.com</a>.</p>

<p><em>Thank you for using nginx.</em></p>
</body>
</html>

iptables防火墙规则将随容器的创建自动生成,随容器的删除自动删除规则。

将容器端口映射到指定IP的随机端口

[root@docker ~]# docker run --name web --rm -p 172.17.64.5::80 nginx

在另一个终端上查看端口映射情况

[root@docker ~]# docker port web
80/tcp -> 172.17.64.5:32768

将容器端口映射到宿主机的指定端口

[root@docker ~]# docker run --name web --rm -p 80:80 nginx

在另一个终端上查看端口映射情况

[root@docker ~]# docker port web
80/tcp -> 0.0.0.0:80

自定义docker0桥的网络属性信息

自定义docker0桥的网络属性信息需要修改/etc/docker/daemon.json配置文件

[root@docker ~]# cat /etc/docker/daemon.json 
{
   "registry-mirrors": ["https://8wtmkrrm.mirror.aliyuncs.com"],
    "bip": "192.168.10.5/24",
    "mtu": 1500,
    "dns": ["8.8.8.8","114.114.114.114"]
}
[root@docker ~]# systemctl daemon-reload
[root@docker ~]# systemctl restart docker
[root@docker ~]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:16:3e:32:d7:ff brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 172.17.64.5/20 brd 172.17.79.255 scope global dynamic eth0
       valid_lft 314931360sec preferred_lft 314931360sec
3: docker0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN group default 
    link/ether 02:42:0d:6e:f1:f9 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.10.5/24 brd 192.168.10.255 scope global docker0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
docker restart

设置restart=always,当容器异常终止时会自动启动

[root@docker ~]# docker run --name web -d  --restart=always nginx
3e6604ddbc578e101f7f36a9c2089f57965d370a0386f49c4c5eff40f8c2ba8d
[root@docker ~]# ps -ef|grep nginx
root     25209 25193  0 20:31 ?        00:00:00 nginx: master process nginx -g daemon off;
101      25234 25209  0 20:31 ?        00:00:00 nginx: worker process
root     25315 24071  0 20:32 pts/1    00:00:00 grep --color=auto ngin
[root@docker ~]# pkill nginx
[root@docker ~]# ps -ef|grep nginx
root     25354 25338  0 20:32 ?        00:00:00 nginx: master process nginx -g daemon off;
101      25380 25354  0 20:32 ?        00:00:00 nginx: worker process
root     25383 24071  0 20:33 pts/1    00:00:00 grep --color=auto ngin
[root@docker ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
3e6604ddbc57        nginx               "nginx -g 'daemon of…"   55 seconds ago      Up 54 seconds       80/tcp              web
[root@docker ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED              STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
3e6604ddbc57        nginx               "nginx -g 'daemon of…"   About a minute ago   Up 9 seconds        80/tcp              web

docker创建自定义桥

创建一个额外的自定义桥,区别于docker0

[root@docker ~]# docker network ls
NETWORK ID          NAME                DRIVER              SCOPE
f6052bb86e8f        bridge              bridge              local
d63dceeef721        host                host                local
9ad767ee3a99        none                null                local
[root@docker ~]# docker network create -d bridge --subnet "192.168.2.0/24" --gateway "192.168.2.1" br0
ad51b65c428ef7364750bae67dddc52c788366b2d2599864f7ca59b0d7516665
[root@docker ~]# docker network ls
NETWORK ID          NAME                DRIVER              SCOPE
ad51b65c428e        br0                 bridge              local
f6052bb86e8f        bridge              bridge              local
d63dceeef721        host                host                local
9ad767ee3a99        none                null                local

使用新创建的自定义桥来创建容器:

[root@docker ~]# docker run -it --name b1 --network br0 busybox
/ # ifconfig
eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 02:42:C0:A8:02:02  
          inet addr:192.168.2.2  Bcast:192.168.2.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 
          RX bytes:0 (0.0 B)  TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)

lo        Link encap:Local Loopback  
          inet addr:127.0.0.1  Mask:255.0.0.0
          UP LOOPBACK RUNNING  MTU:65536  Metric:1
          RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 
          RX bytes:0 (0.0 B)  TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)

再创建一个容器,使用默认的bridge桥:

[root@docker ~]# docker run --name b2 -it busybox
/ # ifconfig
eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 02:42:C0:A8:0A:01  
          inet addr:192.168.10.1  Bcast:192.168.10.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 
          RX bytes:0 (0.0 B)  TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)

lo        Link encap:Local Loopback  
          inet addr:127.0.0.1  Mask:255.0.0.0
          UP LOOPBACK RUNNING  MTU:65536  Metric:1
          RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 
          RX bytes:0 (0.0 B)  TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)

/ # 

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