大数类

刘汝佳的《算法竞赛入门经典》（第二版）中的大整数类

#include <string>
#include <algorithm>
#include <cstring>
#include <vector>
#include <iostream>
#include <cstdio>
using namespace std;
//大整数类 存贮高精度非负整数
struct BigInteger
{
    //若int为32位整数，范围是-2147483648～2147483647
    static const int BASE =100000000;
    static const int WIDTH=8;
    vector<int> s;
    BigInteger(){}
    BigInteger(long long num)
    {
        *this=num;
    }
    BigInteger operator=(long long num);
    BigInteger operator=(const string& str);
    friend ostream& operator<<(ostream &out,const BigInteger& x);
    BigInteger operator+(const BigInteger& b)const;
    BigInteger operator += (const BigInteger& b);
    bool operator<(const BigInteger& b)const;
    bool operator>(const BigInteger& b)const {return b<*this;}
    bool operator<=(const BigInteger& b)const {return !(b<*this);}
    bool operator>=(const BigInteger& b)const {return !(*this<b);}
    bool operator!=(const BigInteger& b)const {return b<*this||*this<b;}
    bool operator==(const BigInteger& b)const {return !(b<*this)&&!(*this<b);}
};
BigInteger BigInteger::operator =(long long num)
    {
        s.clear();
        //逆序存放数字段
        do
        {
            s.push_back(num%BASE);
            num/=BASE;
        }while(num>0);
        return *this;
    }
BigInteger BigInteger::operator=(const string& str)
    {
        s.clear();
        //对str.length()/WIDTH向上取整
        int x,len=(str.length()-1)/WIDTH+1;
        int flag=1;
        for(int i=0;i<len;i++)
        {
            //End为要取的字符串结尾的位数
            int End =str.length()-i*WIDTH;
            //开头位数
            int Start =max(0,End-WIDTH);
            sscanf(str.substr(Start,End-Start).c_str(),"%d",&x);
            //逆序存放数字段
            //此处是为了处理00000000008+8等情况
            if(flag||x)
            {
                if(x!=0) flag=0;
                s.push_back(x);
            }
        }
        return *this;
    }

ostream& operator<<(ostream &out,const BigInteger& x)
{
    //输出最高位对应的八个单元，因为不需要前导0，所以直接用int形式输出即可
    out<<x.s.back();
    for(int i=x.s.size()-2;i>=0;i--)
    {
        char buf[20];
        sprintf(buf,"%08d",x.s[i]);
        for(int j=0;j<strlen(buf);j++) out<<buf[j];
    }
    return out;
}

istream& operator>>(istream &in,BigInteger& x)
{
    string s;
    //处理输入失败
    if(!(in>>s)) return in;
    x=s;
    return in;
}

BigInteger BigInteger::operator+(const BigInteger& b)const
{
    BigInteger c;
    c.s.clear();
    for(int i=0,g=0;;i++)
    {
        if(g==0&&i>=s.size()&&i>=b.s.size()) break;
        int x=g;
        if(i<s.size()) x+=s[i];
        if(i<b.s.size()) x+=b.s[i];
        c.s.push_back(x%BASE);
        g=x/BASE;
    }
    return c;
}

BigInteger BigInteger::operator +=(const BigInteger& b)
{
    *this=*this+b;
    return *this;
}

bool BigInteger::operator<(const BigInteger& b)const
{
    if(s.size()!=b.s.size()) return s.size()<b.s.size();
    for(int i=s.size()-1;i>=0;i--)
        if(s[i]!=b.s[i]) return s[i]<b.s[i];
    return false;
}

int main()
{
    //freopen("in.txt","r",stdin);
    //freopen("out.txt","w",stdout);
    int kase;
    string a,b;
    BigInteger c,d;
    cin>>kase;
    for(int i=1;i<=kase;i++)
    {
        if(i!=1) cout<<endl;
        cin>>a>>b;
        c=a,d=b;
        cout<<"Case "<<i<<":"<<endl;
        cout<<a<<" + "<<b<<" = "<<c+d<<endl;
    }
    return 0;
}