多任务并行之二 多线程编程

1、多线程

1.1 线程的常用方法

---

方法	功能说明
Thread	线程类，用于创建和管理线程
start()	开始执行该线程
run()	定义线程功能的方法（通常在子类中被重写）
join(timeout=None)	直至启动的线程终止之前一直挂起；除非给出了timeout（秒），否则会一直阻塞
getName()	返回线程名
setName()	设定线程名
isAlivel/is_alive()	布尔标志，表示这个线程是否还存活
isDaemon()	判断是否是守护线程，如果是守护线程，返回True；否则，False
setDaemon(True)	设置为守护线程（必须在线程start()方法之前调用）

1.1.1 多种方法创建线程

• 创建Thread的实例，调用一个普通函数创建
• 创建Thread的实例，调用一个类实例创建
• 派生Thread的子类，并创建子类的实例

1. 创建Thread的实例，调用一个普通函数创建

#!/usr/bin/env python

'''
Author: Crise
Date: 2019/11/9
'''

import threading
from time import sleep, ctime, time

loops = [8, 3, 6]


def loop(nloop, nsec):
    print("thread {0} start at: {1}".format(nloop, ctime()))
    sleep(nsec)
    print("thread {0} start at: {1}".format(nloop, ctime()))


def main():
    print("main thread starting at:", ctime())
    starttime = time()
    threads = []
    nloops = len(loops)

    for i in range(nloops):
        t = threading.Thread(target=loop, args=(i, loops[i]))
        threads.append(t)

    for thread in threads:
        thread.start()
        # thread.join() # 若在这设置join()方法会等线程1执行完才执行其他线程

    for thread in threads:
        thread.join()

    print('all done at:', ctime())
    print('main thread end, total time spend: ', time() - starttime)


if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

'''
main thread starting at: Sat Nov  9 21:43:44 2019
thread 0 start at: Sat Nov  9 21:43:44 2019
thread 1 start at: Sat Nov  9 21:43:44 2019
thread 2 start at: Sat Nov  9 21:43:44 2019
thread 1 start at: Sat Nov  9 21:43:47 2019
thread 2 start at: Sat Nov  9 21:43:50 2019
thread 0 start at: Sat Nov  9 21:43:52 2019
all done at: Sat Nov  9 21:43:52 2019
main thread end, total time spend:  8.001137495040894

'''

2. 创建Thread的实例，调用一个类实例创建

#!/usr/bin/env python

'''
Author: Crise
Date: 2019/11/9
'''

import threading
from time import time, sleep, ctime

loops = [4, 1, 9]


class ThreadFunc(object):

    def __init__(self, func, args, name=''):
        self.func = func
        self.args = args
        self.name = name

    def __call__(self):
        self.func(*self.args)


def loop(nloop, nsec):
    print("thread {0} start at: {1}".format(nloop, ctime()))
    sleep(nsec)
    print("thread {0} start at: {1}".format(nloop, ctime()))


def main():
    print('main thread start at:', ctime())
    starttime = time()
    threads = []

    for i in range(len(loops)):
        t = threading.Thread(
            target=ThreadFunc(loop, (i, loops[i]), loop.__name__))
        threads.append(t)

    for thread in threads:
        thread.start()

    for thread in threads:
        thread.join()

    print('all done at:', ctime())
    print('main thread end, total time spend: ', time() - starttime)


if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

'''
main thread start at: Sat Nov  9 21:47:18 2019
thread 0 start at: Sat Nov  9 21:47:18 2019
thread 1 start at: Sat Nov  9 21:47:18 2019
thread 2 start at: Sat Nov  9 21:47:18 2019
thread 1 start at: Sat Nov  9 21:47:19 2019
thread 0 start at: Sat Nov  9 21:47:22 2019
thread 2 start at: Sat Nov  9 21:47:27 2019
all done at: Sat Nov  9 21:47:27 2019
main thread end, total time spend:  9.00260877609253

'''    
    

3. 派生Thread的子类，通过重写Thread类的__init__和run()方法，创建线程对象之后，当调用start()方法会自动调用该类对象的run()方法，创建线程

#!/usr/bin/env python

'''
Author: Crise
Date: 2019/11/9
'''

import threading
from time import time, sleep, ctime

loops = [4, 2, 6]


class MyThread(threading.Thread):

    def __init__(self, func, args, name=''):
        super(MyThread, self).__init__()
        self.name = name
        self.func = func
        self.args = args

    def run(self):
        self.func(*self.args)


def loop(nloop, nsec):
    print("thread {0} start at: {1}".format(nloop, ctime()))
    sleep(nsec)
    print("thread {0} start at: {1}".format(nloop, ctime()))


def main():
    print("main thread starting at:", ctime())
    starttime = time()
    threads = []

    for i in range(len(loops)):
        t = MyThread(loop, (i, loops[i]), loop.__name__)
        threads.append(t)

    for thread in threads:
        thread.start()

    for thread in threads:
        thread.join()

    print('all done at:', ctime())
    print('main thread end, total time spend: ', time() - starttime)


if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

'''
main thread starting at: Sat Nov  9 21:48:26 2019
thread 0 start at: Sat Nov  9 21:48:26 2019
thread 1 start at: Sat Nov  9 21:48:26 2019
thread 2 start at: Sat Nov  9 21:48:26 2019
thread 1 start at: Sat Nov  9 21:48:28 2019
thread 0 start at: Sat Nov  9 21:48:30 2019
thread 2 start at: Sat Nov  9 21:48:32 2019
all done at: Sat Nov  9 21:48:32 2019
main thread end, total time spend:  6.00217604637146

'''

1.1.2 统计线程

1.1.3 守护线程

1.2 线程调度与同步

在实际开发中，不仅要合理控制线程数量，还需要在多个线程之间进行有效地同步和调度才能发挥最大效率。