04.SpringCloud之Feign远程接口映射

一.简介

SpringCloud是基于Restful的远程调用框架，引入Ribbon负载均衡组件后还需要客户端使用RestTemplate调用远程接口，操作起来还显得繁琐。SpringCloud提供了远程接口映射，将远程Restful服务映射为远程接口，消费端注入远程接口即可实现方法调用。

二.流程

1.consumer-user模块中引入Feign依赖

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>
</dependency>

2.编写映射接口

package com.vincent.consumer.feign;

import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.feign.FeignClient;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;

@FeignClient("service-user")
public interface IUserFeign {
    @GetMapping("/user/{id}")
    Object getById(@PathVariable("id") Integer id);
}

3.TestController.java注入Feign Client接口映射

package com.vincent.consumer.controller;


import com.vincent.consumer.feign.IUserFeign;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;


@RestController
public class TestController {
    @Autowired
    private IUserFeign userFeign;

    @GetMapping("/getUserById")
    public Object getUserById(Integer id){
        return this.userFeign.getById(id);
    }
}

4.启动类增加@EnableFeignClients注解

package com.vincent.consumer;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.feign.EnableFeignClients;



@SpringBootApplication
@EnableFeignClients
public class ConsumerApp {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(ConsumerApp.class,args);
    }

}

@EnableFeignClients 定义Feign接口映射扫描包，IOC容器会自动创建接口实现类

5.访问 http://localhost:8030/getUserById?id=9

三.总结

Feign接口映射服务端Restful接口会自动依赖Ribbon组件，实现客户端负载均衡。使用接口调用消费端远程接口就像调用本地方法一样。

如果Feign调用的服务使用HTTP BASIC 认证，则可以在org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.FeignClient#configuration属性配置feign.RequestInterceptor 的接口Bean对象实现：

@Configuration
public class FeignConfiguration {
   @Bean
   public RequestInterceptor requestInterceptor() {
       return new BasicAuthRequestInterceptor("xxx","xxx");
   }
}