Linux上安装MySQL5.7

Linux上安装MySQL5.7

在Linux上使用解压缩安装包的方式安装MySQL，版本是：mysql5.7.35，CentOS7.9

下载安装包，复制到/opt/mysql5.7目录下

解压mysql5.7安装包

切换到安装包目录，执行：tar -xvf mysql-5.7.35-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz

[root@CentOS7 mysql5.7]# tar -xvf mysql-5.7.35-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz 
mysql-5.7.35-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/bin/myisam_ftdump
mysql-5.7.35-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/bin/myisamchk
mysql-5.7.35-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/bin/myisamlog
...
mysql-5.7.35-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/support-files/mysql.server
mysql-5.7.35-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/docs/INFO_BIN
mysql-5.7.35-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/docs/INFO_SRC

解压完成后生成文件夹，输入ll查看：

[root@CentOS7 mysql5.7]# ll
drwxr-xr-x. 9 root root       129 11月 13 10:36 mysql-5.7.35-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 666328842 11月 13 09:32 mysql-5.7.35-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz

移动到/usr/local

将文件夹重命名并移动到/usr/local/mysql目录：

// 若/usr/local/mysql已存在，则需要删除后在执行以下命令
mv mysql-5.7.35-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 /usr/local/mysql
// 在/usr/local/mysql目录下创建新目录：
[root@CentOS7 mysql]# mkdir -p ./data
// 授权 chown [用户]:[用户组] -R [目录]
[root@CentOS7 mysql]# chown root:root -R /data

编辑MySQL默认配置文件

// 编辑配置文件
[root@CentOS7 mysql]# vim /etc/my.cnf
// 一定要输入i/a/o后在编辑模式下复制，直接复制可能不生效
[mysqld]
bind-address=0.0.0.0
port=3306
user=mysql
basedir=/usr/local/
datadir=/data/
socket=/tmp/mysql.sock
log-error=/data/mysql.err
pid-file=/data/mysql.pid
#character config
character_set_server=utf8mb4
symbolic-links=0
explicit_defaults_for_timestamp=true

数据库初始化

// 进入/usr/local/mysql/bind目录
[root@CentOS7 bin]# ./mysqld --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --basedir=/usr/local/mysql/ --datadir=/data--user=root --initialize
// 先将mysql.server放置到/etc/init.d/mysql中
[root@CentOS7 bin]# cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql
// 这项配置使得操作mysql不需要切换到bin目录
[root@CentOS7 bin]# ln -s  /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql    /usr/bin

启动MySQL

// 查看初始密码，直接看最后一条，直接复制密码
[root@CentOS7 bin]# cat /data/mysql.err
2021-11-13T02:43:09.081895Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790
...
2021-11-13T02:43:09.861196Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: flMxTwiq,5Bd

//启动MySQL
[root@CentOS7 bin]# service mysql start
Starting MySQL. SUCCESS! 

登录

// 登录MySQL,粘贴刚才复制的密码即可
[root@CentOS7 bin]# ./mysql -u root -p
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 5
Server version: 5.7.35
...

登录后修改密码

// 执行这三条命令：设置密码、到期时间、刷新权限信息
mysql> 
mysql> SET PASSWORD = PASSWORD('root');
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' PASSWORD EXPIRE NEVER;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

远程连接

当前host不允许远程连接，执行以下命令

//登录mysql，执行下面的命令
mysql> 
mysql> use mysql
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A

Database changed
mysql> update user set host = '%' where user = 'root'
    -> ;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
Rows matched: 1  Changed: 1  Warnings: 0

mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

此时再进行远程连接就可以了。