Java:封装案例（续）

知识总结：

本题在之前的基础上增加案例：统计总共有多少学生报名

主要改造在subject.java中:

1.属性增加：

private Student[]myStudents;

privateint studentNum;

2.构造方法增加：

//带4参构造：实现对学科名称、编号、学制年限、学生信息赋值

public Subject(Stringname, String subjectNo,int subjectLife,Student[]myStudents) {

// this.subjectName=subjectName;

this.setSubjectName(name);// 安全起见

this.setSubjectNo(subjectNo);

this.setSubjectLife(subjectLife);

this.setMyStudents(myStudents);

}

3.方法增加：

getter/setter方法增加：

public Student[] getMyStudents() {

if(this.myStudents==null)//如果没有初始化，实例化开辟空间

{

this.myStudents=new Student[200];

}

returnmyStudents;

}

public void setMyStudents(Student[] myStudents) {

this.myStudents =myStudents;

}

    //学生个数

public int getStudentNum() {

returnstudentNum;

}

public void setStudentNum(int studentNum) {

this.studentNum =studentNum;

}

add方法增加：

public void addStudent(Studentstu)

{

/*

* 1,将学生保存在数组中

* 2，将学生个数保存到studentNum[]数组当中

*/

//1.

for(inti=0;i<this.getMyStudents().length;i++)

{

if(this.getMyStudents()[i]==null)//找到空地，插入学生

{

this.getMyStudents()[i]=stu;

//2.

this.studentNum=i+1;

return;

}

}

}

subject.java

package com.imooc.model;
/**
 * 专业类
 * @author zhang ziwei
 *
 */
 public class Subject {
	// 成员属性：学科名称，学科编号，学制年限,报名选修的学生信息、报名选修的学生个数
	private String subjectName;
	private String subjectNo;
	private int subjectLife;
	
	private Student[] myStudents;
	private int studentNum;

	//无参构造
	public Subject() {

	}

	//带3参构造：实现对学科名称、编号、学制年限赋值
	public Subject(String name, String subjectNo, int subjectLife) {
		// this.subjectName=subjectName;
		this.setSubjectName(name);// 安全起见
		this.setSubjectNo(subjectNo);
		this.setSubjectLife(subjectLife);
	}
	
	//带4参构造：实现对学科名称、编号、学制年限、学生信息赋值
	public Subject(String name, String subjectNo, int subjectLife,Student[] myStudents) {
		// this.subjectName=subjectName;
		this.setSubjectName(name);// 安全起见
		this.setSubjectNo(subjectNo);
		this.setSubjectLife(subjectLife);
		this.setMyStudents(myStudents);
	}
	
	/**
	 * 获取选修专业的学生信息的，如果保存的学生信息未被初始化，则先初始化长度200
	 * @return 保存学生信息的数组
	 */
	public Student[] getMyStudents() {
		if(this.myStudents==null)//如果没有初始化，实例化开辟空间
		{
			this.myStudents=new Student[200];
		}
		return myStudents;
	}

	public void setMyStudents(Student[] myStudents) {
		this.myStudents = myStudents;
	}

    //学生个数
	public int getStudentNum() {
		return studentNum;
	}

	public void setStudentNum(int studentNum) {
		this.studentNum = studentNum;
	}

	// 名称
	public void setSubjectName(String subjectName) {
		this.subjectName = subjectName;
	}

	public String getSubjectName() {
		return this.subjectName;
	}

	// 科目
	public String getSubjectNo() {
		return subjectNo;
	}

	public void setSubjectNo(String subjectNo) {
		this.subjectNo = subjectNo;
	}

	// 学制年限
	public int getSubjectLife() {
		return subjectLife;
	}

	public void setSubjectLife(int subjectLife) {
		if (subjectLife <= 0) {
			return;
		}
		this.subjectLife = subjectLife;
	}

	/**
	 * 专业介绍的方法
	 * 
	 * @return 专业介绍的相关信息，包括名称、编号、年限
	 */
	public String info() {
		String str = "专业信息如下：\n专业名称：" + this.getSubjectName() + "\n专业编号：" + this.getSubjectNo() + "\n学制年限："
				+ this.getSubjectLife();// 对于很长的字符串打印可以用command+shift+f（ctrl+shift+f）格式化使得格式更好看
		return str;
	}
	
	public void addStudent(Student stu)
	{
		/*
		 * 1,将学生保存在数组中
		 * 2，将学生个数保存到studentNum[]数组当中
		 */
		
		//1.
		for(int i=0;i<this.getMyStudents().length;i++)
		{
			if(this.getMyStudents()[i]==null)//找到空地，插入学生
			{
				this.getMyStudents()[i]=stu;
				//2.
				this.studentNum=i+1;
				return;
			}
		}
		
	}
 }

Student.java:

package com.imooc.model;

public class Student {
	// 成员属性：学号，姓名，性别，年龄
	private String student_id;
	private String student_name;
	private String student_sex;
	private int student_age;
	
	//实现关联学生，学科关联的，解决方法3:将专业信息作为成员属性存在
	private Subject student_subject;//注意，类型是一个对象

	// 无参数构造
	public Student() {
		super();
	}

	// 4参构造，实现对学号，姓名，年龄赋值，创建对象的赋值
	public Student(String student_id, String student_name, String student_sex, int student_age,Subject student_subject) {
		this.setStudent_id(student_id);
		this.setStudent_name(student_name);
		this.setStudent_sex(student_sex);
		this.setStudent_age(student_age);
		this.setStudent_subject(student_subject);
	}
	
	//3参构造,实现对学号，姓名，年龄赋值
	public Student(String student_id, String student_name, String student_sex, int student_age) {
		this.setStudent_id(student_id);
		this.setStudent_name(student_name);
		this.setStudent_sex(student_sex);
		this.setStudent_age(student_age);
	}

	// getter/setter接口
	public String getStudent_id() {
		return student_id;
	}

	public void setStudent_id(String student_id) {
		this.student_id = student_id;
	}

	public String getStudent_name() {
		return student_name;
	}

	public void setStudent_name(String student_name) {
		this.student_name = student_name;
	}

	public String getStudent_sex() {
		return student_sex;
	}

	public void setStudent_sex(String student_sex) {
		// 限制性别只能是男或者女，反之我们强制性男
		if (student_sex.equals("男") | student_sex.equals("女")) // 也可以写成(student_sex="男"student_sex="女")
		{
			this.student_sex = student_sex;
		} else
			this.student_sex = "男";
	}

	public int getStudent_age() {
		return student_age;
	}

	public void setStudent_age(int student_age) {
		if (student_age <= 60 & student_age >= 10) {
			this.student_age = student_age;
		} else
			this.student_age = 18;// 强制赋值
	}

	/**
	 * 获取专业对象，如果没有实例化，先实例化再返回
	 * @return 专业对象信息
	 */
	public Subject getStudent_subject(){ 
		if(this.student_subject==null)//防止getStudent_subject()是没有实例化的
		{
			this.student_subject=new Subject();//无参构造的重要性体现出来
		}
		return student_subject;
	}

	public void setStudent_subject(Subject student_subject) {
		this.student_subject = student_subject;
	}

	
	/**无参
	 * 学生自我介绍
	 * 
	 * @return 自我介绍的信息，包括姓名，学号，性别，年龄
	 */
	public String introduction() {
		String str = "学生信息如下：\n姓名:" + this.getStudent_name() + "\n学号：" + this.getStudent_id() + "\n性别："
				+ this.getStudent_sex() + "\n年龄：" + this.getStudent_age()+"\n所报专业名称：" + this.getStudent_subject().getSubjectName() + "\n学制年限："
						+ this.getStudent_subject().getSubjectLife();//！！尤其注意这种表示先调用对象，再通过对象调用方法
		return str;
	}

	/**解决方法1:参数传参
	 * 学生自我方法介绍，实现学生学科相关联
	 * @param subject_name
	 * @param subject_life
	 * @return 自我介绍的信息，包括姓名，学号，性别，年龄，所学专业名称，学制年限
	 */
	public String introduction(String subject_name, int subject_life) {
		String str = "学生信息如下：\n姓名:" + this.getStudent_name() + "\n学号：" + this.getStudent_id() + "\n性别："
				+ this.getStudent_sex() + "\n年龄：" + this.getStudent_age() + "\n所报专业名称：" + subject_name + "\n学制年限："
				+ subject_life;
		return str;
	}
	
	
	/**解决方法2:对象传参
	 * 学生自我方法介绍，实现学生学科相关联
	 * @param mySubject(构建了一个对象)
	 * @return自我介绍的信息，包括姓名，学号，性别，年龄，所学专业名称，学制年限
	 */
	public String introduction(Subject mySubject){
		String str = "学生信息如下：\n姓名:" + this.getStudent_name() + "\n学号：" + this.getStudent_id() + "\n性别："
				+ this.getStudent_sex() + "\n年龄：" + this.getStudent_age() + "\n所报专业名称：" + mySubject.getSubjectName() + "\n学制年限："
				+ mySubject.getSubjectLife();
		return str;
	}
	
	
}

SchoolTest.java:

package com.imooc.test;
import com.imooc.model.*;//导入所有类

public class SchoolTest {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		//测试subject类
		Subject sub1=new Subject("计算机科学与应用","J0001",4);
		System.out.println(sub1.info());
        System.out.println("=====================================");
        
        //测试学生
        Student stu1=new Student("cs6518822","刘华华","女",20);
        System.out.println(stu1.introduction());
        
        System.out.println("=====================================");
        
        //测试关联学生1，方法中传入参数
        Student stu2=new Student("cs6518732","张子蔚","男",17);
        System.out.println(stu2.introduction("计算机科学与应用",4));
        System.out.println("=====================================");
        
        //测试关联学生2，方法中传入对象
        Student stu3=new Student("cs6518797","胡京督","男",21);
        System.out.println(stu3.introduction(sub1));
        System.out.println("=====================================");
        
        //测试关联学生3,构造方法中传入对象
        Student stu4=new Student("cs6518779","刘凯瑞","男",20,sub1);
        System.out.println(stu4.introduction());
        System.out.println("=====================================");
        
        //测试指定专业的中到底有多少学生报名
        sub1.addStudent(stu1);
        sub1.addStudent(stu2);
        sub1.addStudent(stu3);
        sub1.addStudent(stu4);
        System.out.println("计算机科学与应用的专业中已有："+sub1.getStudentNum()+"学生进行报名");
	}

}

执行情况：（最后一排显示报名总数）