java面向对象 封装_java面向对象之封装案例

三个学生，分别学了不同专业的场景。

类：

专业类：专业名称、编号、学制年限。

学生类：姓名、学号、性别、年龄

目录结构：

Subject.java

package com.immoc.model;

/**

* @description 学科类

* @author dongwenjie

*

*/

public class Subject {

// 成员属性：学科名称、学科编号、学制年限

private String subjectName;

private String subjectNo;

private int subjectLife;

// 无参构造

public Subject() {

}

// 有参构造，实现对属性的全部赋值

public Subject(String subjectName, String subjectNo, int subjectLife) {

this.setSubjectName(subjectName);

this.setSubjectNo(subjectNo);

this.setSubjectLife(subjectLife);

}

public String getSubjectName() {

return subjectName;

}

public void setSubjectName(String subjectName) {

this.subjectName = subjectName;

}

public String getSubjectNo() {

return subjectNo;

}

public void setSubjectNo(String subjectNo) {

this.subjectNo = subjectNo;

}

public int getSubjectLife() {

return subjectLife;

}

// 学制年限需>0

public void setSubjectLife(int subjectLife) {

if (subjectLife <= 0)

return;

this.subjectLife = subjectLife;

}

/**

* 专业介绍方法

* @return 专业介绍描述

*/

public String info() {

String str = "";

str+="学科名称:"+this.getSubjectName()+"\n学科编号:"+this.getSubjectNo()+"\n学制年限:"+this.getSubjectLife()+"年";

return str;

}

}

SchoolTest.java

package com.immoc.test;

import com.immoc.model.Student;

import com.immoc.model.Subject;

public class SchoolTest {

public static void main(String[] args) {

Subject kemu = new Subject("语文", "No12345", 18);

System.out.println(kemu.info());

/*

* 学科名称:语文 学科编号:No12345 学制年限:18年

*/

System.out.println("==============");

Student dongwenjie = new Student("01", "董文杰", "男", 18);

Student liqingfei = new Student("02", "李秦飞", "女", -30);

Student zhaoxiaogang = new Student("03", "赵小刚", "男", 26);

System.out.println(dongwenjie.introduction());

System.out.println(liqingfei.introduction());

System.out.println(zhaoxiaogang.introduction());

}

}

Student.java

package com.immoc.model;

public class Student {

// 成员属性：学号、姓名、性别、年龄

private String studentNo;

private String studentName;

private String studentSex;

private int studentAge;

// 无参构造

public Student() {

super();

}

// 多参构造方法，实现对全部属性的赋值

public Student(String studentNo, String studentName, String studentSex, int studentAge) {

this.setStudentNo(studentNo);

this.setStudentName(studentName);

this.setStudentSex(studentSex);

this.setStudentAge(studentAge);

}

public String getStudentNo() {

return studentNo;

}

public void setStudentNo(String studentNo) {

this.studentNo = studentNo;

}

public String getStudentName() {

return studentName;

}

public void setStudentName(String studentName) {

this.studentName = studentName;

}

public String getStudentSex() {

return studentSex;

}

public void setStudentSex(String studentSex) {

if ("男".equals(studentSex) || "女".equals(studentSex)) {

this.studentSex = studentSex;

}else {

this.studentSex = "男";

}

}

public int getStudentAge() {

return studentAge;

}

public void setStudentAge(int studentAge) {

if(studentAge<10 || studentAge>100) {

this.studentAge = 18;

}else {

this.studentAge = studentAge;

}

}

/**

* 学生介绍的方法

* @return

*/

public String introduction() {

String str = "";

str += "学生信息如下：\n姓名：" + this.getStudentName() + "\n学号：" + this.getStudentNo() + "\n性别：" + this.getStudentSex()

+ "\n年龄：" + this.getStudentAge();

return str;

}

}

学生类，学科类，测试类三个都有了，想在学生当中添加所学专业信息，做法有如下几种：

①重写学生introduction方法，加上学科和年限两个参数 (容易理解，参数列表长)

/**

* 学生介绍的方法

* @return

*/

public String introduction(String subjectName, int subjectLift) {

String str = "";

str += "学生信息如下：\n姓名：" + this.getStudentName() + "\n学号：" + this.getStudentNo() + "\n性别：" + this.getStudentSex()

+ "\n年龄：" + this.getStudentAge()+"\n学科："+subjectName+"\n学科年限："+subjectLift;

return str;

}

调用如下：

System.out.println(dongwenjie.introduction("语文", 18));

②将Subject当做参数传入introduction方法中。(相比①更加简单，获取参数方便)

/**

* 学生介绍的方法

* @return

*/

public String introduction(Subject SubjectInfo) {

String str = "";

str += "学生信息如下：\n姓名：" + this.getStudentName() + "\n学号：" + this.getStudentNo() + "\n性别：" + this.getStudentSex()

+ "\n年龄：" + this.getStudentAge()+"\n学科："+SubjectInfo.getSubjectName()+"\n学科年限："+SubjectInfo.getSubjectLife();

return str;

}

package com.immoc.test;

import com.immoc.model.Student;

import com.immoc.model.Subject;

public class SchoolTest {

public static void main(String[] args) {

Subject kemu = new Subject("语文", "No12345", 18);

Student zhaoxiaogang = new Student("03", "赵小刚", "男", 26);

System.out.println(zhaoxiaogang.introduction(kemu));

}

}

第二种可以传入对象，一次性可以拿到对象的所有信息。是一种比较好的方案。

③每个学生既然都有科目信息，那可以将Subject类当做学生的一个成员属性，这种方式也是比较好的。(科目类被当做是学生类的一个属性，关联性更强。)