Servlet中转发和重定向的区别

#转发和重定向的区别
##当客户端请求到了某个Servlet类之后，Servlet类进行处理，但是并不使用这个Servlet来响应客户端，而是要使用另一个Servlet来响应。
转发

• 转发是在服务器端，两个Servlet之间的请求行为
• 浏览器只对服务器进行了一次请求
• 浏览器的地址不会改变，浏览器请求ServletA，ServletA转到ServletB由ServletB响应浏览器，浏览器显示的是ServletA的访问地址
• 转发过程中，可以通过request对象传递数据
  示例：
  ServletA 转发到 ServletB

1. 数据传递
- ServletA 转发到 ServletB，并传递参数
***- ServletA传数据***

```java
- @WebServlet("/a")
public class AServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        this.doPost(req,resp);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("AServlete-------------");
        //给请求添加参数和值
        req.setAttribute("servleta", "Servlet A");
        //把请求request转发到BServlet
        req.getRequestDispatcher("/c").forward(req, resp);
    }
}

*- **ServletB取数据***

```java
- `@WebServlet("/b")
public class BServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        this.doPost(req,resp);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("Param: " + req.getAttribute("servleta"));
        System.out.println("BServlet-----------");
        resp.setStatus(200);
        resp.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
        resp.setContentType("text/html");
        resp.getWriter().write("<h1>Hello BServlet</h1>");
    }
}

重定向

• 客户端请求ServletA，ServletA响应给客户端一个新的请求地址ServletB，让客户端重新向ServeltB发送请求。
• 重定向是客户端的行为
• 浏览器对服务器发送了两次请求；
• 重定向是由浏览器再次发送请求，浏览器地址会改变为转发的地址；
• 不能通过request对象将ServletA中的数据传递给ServletB

1. 重定向代码实现

@WebServlet("/a")
public class AServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        this.doPost(req,resp);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("AServlete-------------");
        //给请求添加参数和值
        req.setAttribute("servleta", "Servlet A");
       
        //把请求重定向到BServlet
        resp.sendRedirect("/b");
    }
}
```1. 数据不能通过request对象传递

```java
@WebServlet("/b")
public class BServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        this.doPost(req,resp);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("Param: " + req.getAttribute("servleta"));
        System.out.println("BServlet-----------");
        resp.setStatus(200);
        resp.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
        resp.setContentType("text/html");
        resp.getWriter().write("<h1>Hello BServlet</h1>");
    }
}