作为程序员离不开和英语单词打交道,而基础弱的人面对庞大的单词量只会望而却步。收集了大量英语前后缀,用以帮助快速理解英语单词!
前缀
一. 表示否定的前缀
- dis-加在名词、形容词,动词之前。
disadvantage(缺点)dishonorable(不光彩的)disagree(不同意) - in-加在形容词,名词之前
incorrect(不正确的),inability(无能,无力),inaccurate(不准确的) - im-加在字母m,b,p之前
impossible(不顺能的),impolite(不礼貌的),impudence(厚颜无耻) - il-加在以1开头的词前
illegal(非法的),illiterate(文盲的,无文化的)illogical(不合逻辑的) - ir-加在以r开头的词前
irregular(不稳定的),irresistable(不可抵抗的),irresolvable(不能分解的,不能解决的) - un-加在名词,形容词,副词之前
unfinished(未完成的)undoubted(无疑的)unemployment(失业) - non-加在形容词,名词前
non-existence(不存在),non-essential(不主要的),non-electrical(非电的) - mis-加在动词、名词之前
misunderstand(误解),misjudge(误判),misleading(误导),misfortune(不幸) - dis-加地动词之前
disappear(消失),disarm(解除武装),disconnect(失去联系) - de-加在名词,形容词之前
demobilize(遣散;使…复员) decolor (脱色, 漂白) - anti-加在名词、形容词之前
anti-Japanese(抗日战争),anti-social(厌恶社会的,反社会的),antidite(解毒药) - counter-加在名词、动词前
counterattack(反攻,反击),counteract(抵抗,阻碍)counterrevolution(反革命)
二.表示“前before”的前缀
- pre-
preconception(成见),pre-exsiting(先于……而存在的),pre-selection(选举前的) preface(前言) - Ante-
anteroom(前室,接待室),antecessor(先行者,先驱者) - Fore-
forehaed(前额),foreground(前景),foreman(工头,领班),foresee(预见,先见),foretell(预言) - Pro-
programme(计划),prologue(序幕) - Ex-
ex-president(前任总统)ex-wife(前妻)
三.表示“后-post”的前缀
- post-
post-war(战后),post-position(后置词),postmeridian(下午)
四. 表示“低”、“下”的前缀
- Hypo-
Hypocrisy(伪善,虚伪),hypothesis(假设),pypocholoride(次氯酸盐) - Infra-
Infra-red(红外线),infrahuman(低于人类的),infrasonic(亚声的,次声的) - Sub-
Sub-editou(副编辑),sub-way(地铁),sub-conscious(下意识的),submarine(海下的),subtropical(亚热带的),subtitle(副标题)
五. 表示“回”、“再次”、“向后”的前缀
- Re-
Refuel(给…加油),retranslate(再译),reinforce(加强),reconstruct(重建),return(返回) - Retro-
Retrograde(倒退的),retrospect(回顾)
六. 表示“共同”、“和”的前缀
- Co-
co-exist(共存),co-operate(合作),co-education(男女同校)
七. 表示“相互”、“之间”的前缀
- Inter-
Interchangeble(可互换的),interdipendert(互相依靠的),international(国际的),inter-national(交往)
八. 表示“出”、“超出”的前缀
- Ec-
Eclipse(蚀),ecstasy(狂想) - Extra-
Extraordinary(非凡的),extramural(校外的),extrasensory(超感觉的)
九.表示“超过”的前缀
- hyper-, preter-, super-, sur-, ultra-
hyper-sensitive(过敏的),preterhuman(超人的)
十. 其它的前缀
- auto-自
automatic(自动的),auto-autobilgraphy(自传) - mal-坏,恶
Malnutrition(营养不良),maltreat(虐待) - Micro-
Microscope(显微镜),microtome(切片机) - Tele-远
Telegram(电报),telephone(电话),telescope(望远镜) - Demi-,semi-hemi-
Semi-circle(半圆),hemisphere(半球),demilune(半月,新月) - Uni-, mono-(单一, 单独)
Monotone(单调),monologue(独白),uniform(制服) - Bi-,di-二
Biyearly(二年一次的),biweekly(二周一次的),dichloride(二氯化物) - Tri-三
Triangle(三角),tripld(三角架) - Multi-多
multi-colored(颜色多样的),multi-national(多国的) - Poly –多
Polygon(多角形),polytomic(多原子的) - Arch-首领
archbishop(大主教),architect(建筑师) - bene-善,好
benefit(利益),benevolence(善意) - homo-同
homosexual(同性恋的),homograph(同形异义字) - neo新
neo-colonialism(新殖民主义),neolithic(新石器时代的) - ortho-正确,直
orthogonal(直角的),orthodox(正统) - philo-挚爱
philosopher(哲学家) - proto-原始
protohydrogen(初氢),prototype(原型),protoplasm(原生质) - pseudo-假的, 伪的, 冒充的
pseudonym(匿名),pseudo-communism(假共产主义) - a-,ab-,abs-(只有在t,c之前)从,自
avoid(避免),absent(缺少的),abstain(抑制),abstract(吸引) - Apo-,aph-来自
apology(道歉,谢罪),apostle(倡言者,先驱) - se-分离
separation(分开),secure(安全的),sedition(煽动叛乱) - para-防
parachute(降落伞), - omni-所有的,公共的
omnibus(公共汽车),omnipotence(万能) - pan-全,泛
Pan-American(全美的),pancean(万灵药),panorama(风景的全貌;万花筒) - panto-全
pantisocracy(乌托邦大同世界),pantoscopic(视野广大) - dia-通过,借以
diagonal(对角的),diagnosis(诊断),dialogue(对话) - Per-通过,彻底,不利
perambrlate(走来走去),perfect极好的
28.trans-通过,横过
transcript(抄本, 副本; 记录),translation(翻译),trxnsparent(透明的),transport(运输),trans-plant(移植) - Com-,con-,cor-,col-共同,和,完全
comment(评论),compile(编辑),correlation(相互关系),collect(收集),corruption(贪污腐败),collaborate(合作,合著) - syn-共同
synonym(同义词),synchronization(同步),syntonic(谐振的),synthetic(人工的,合成的) - meta-和,在……之后
metaphor(比喻),metaphysics(形而上学) - Cis-在这一边
cisatlantic(大西洋这边的) - pen-几乎,相近
peninsular(.住在半岛上的居民,半岛(状)的, 形成半岛的) - en-,em-往……里,使……
encamp(扎营),enable(使……能),endear(使……受喜爱),embrace(拥抱,抓住(机会)) - intro内在
intracardiac(心脏内部的),intramolecular(分子内部的),intracelular(细胞内部的) - intro-到……中
introduce(介绍),introspect(反省,内省) - dys-坏
dyspepsia(消化不良),dysentry(痢疾) - Eu-优,美好
eulogy(颂词),euphony(悦耳的声音) - ambi-,amphi-两者
amphibian(两栖的),ambidextrous(两只手都很灵巧的;心怀二意的;非常灵巧的) - penta-五
pentagon(五角大楼),pentagram(五角星),pentameter(五步诗句) - sex-六
sexangle(六角),sexennial(六年一度的) - sept-七
September九月(古罗马的七月),septennial(七年一度) - hepta-七
heptab(七个成套之物),heptagon(七角形) - octa-,octo,oct八
octagon(八角形),octuple(八倍)October (十月) - nona-,ennea-九
nonagon(九角形),ennead(九个一组) - deci-,deca-十
decimal(十进位的),decagramme(十克) - centi-百
centimeter(厘米),centipede(蜈蚣) - milli-千
millenias(千年的),millimeter(毫米) - Kilo-千
kilowatt(千瓦),kilometer(千米)
后缀
一、常见后缀
- -ster,-eer,-er(or)意为:从事某种职业或参与某种活动的人(person engaged in an occupation or activity)例词:gamester,gangster,songster,engineer,profiteer,mountaineer,auctioneer,driver,teacher,director,actor,professor
- -let意为:小或者不重要的东西(small,unimportant things)例词:booklet,leaflet,starlet
- -ette意为:1)小的东西(small)例词:cigarette 2)假的东西(imitation)例词:leatherette 3)女性(female)例词: usherette
- -ess意为:女性(female)例词:actress,poetess,hostess,paintress
- -hood意为:时期(status;etc. )例词:boyhood,childhood,manhood
- -ship意为:才能,状态,资格,品质等(skill,state,condition,status,quality)例词:leadership,friendship,membership,lectureship,sportsmanship
- -ful意为:量(the amount which noun contains)例词:cupful,handful, mouthful,spoonful
- -tion,-ion意为:1)状态,行动等(state;action;etc. )例词:action,oppression,possession,education,starva- tion 2)机构等(institution;etc. )例词: organization,foundation
- -ment意为:状态,行动等(state; action;etc. )例词:movement,enslavement,pavement
- -al意为:动作(action)例词:arrival,refusal,revival,recital,removal
- -age意为:程度,数量等(extent; amount;etc. )例词:wastage,coverage, acreage,shrinkage,breakage,hostage
- -ness;-ity(ty)意为:状态,品质(state;quality;etc. )例词:happiness, usefulness,selfishness,kindness,rapidity,activity,sanity,changeability
- -ism意为:道义,主义,学说等(doctrine of,practice of)例词:idealism, impressionism,absenteeism,racism
二、动词后缀
常见的此类后缀及其具体含义如下:
- -ify意为:转为,变为(to turn into,to make or become)例词:beautify, diversify,simplify
- -ize;-en意为:使……,变得……(to make or become ;to make into)例词:modernize,popularize,legalize,hospitalize,symbolize,ripen,widen,heighten,threaten
- -ate意为:增加,使……(give or add,make or become)例词:originate, hydrogenate,validate,differentiate
三、形容词后缀:
常见的此类后缀及其具体含义如下:
- -ful意为:充满,有(full of;hav- ing;giving;etc. )例词:useful,pitiful, hopeful,helpful,forgetful,thankful, fearful
- -less意为:没有,无(without;not giving)例词:speechless,childless,harmless,hopeless,meaningless
- -ly意为:有……品质的(having the qualities of)例词:beastly,manly, brotherly,friendly
- -like意为:像……的(like)例词: childlike,statesmanlike,tiger-like
- -y;-ish意为:像……一般的(somewhat like)例词:meaty,sandy, silky,hairy,leafy,watery,foolish,girlish,blackish,thinnish
- -some意为:像……一样的;引起……的;有……品质的(like;causing; having the quality of)例词:troublesome,burdensome,wholesome,tiresome,bothersome
- -able(ible)意为:能……的;可以……的(able to be ;capable)例词: changeable,readable,drinkable,comfortable,expansible,convincible
- -ed意为:有……的(having,etc. )例词:wooded,pointed,moneyed, odd-shaped
- -al意为:有……属性的,……类型的(nature of,typical of)例词:cultural,personal,regional,musical
- -ary(ory)意为:属于……的,与……相连的(belonging to;connected with)例词:revolutionary,imaginary, contradictory
- -ous意为:富含……的;有……品质的;像……的(full of;having the quality of;like)例词:glorious,erroneous,malicious,gracious
- -ic(ical)意为:……类的;属于……的(typical of;belonging to)例词: historic,historical,methodic,methodical,dramatic,heroic
- -ive意为:有……属性的;有某种倾向的(having the nature or quality of;given or tending to)例词:attractive, talkative,restrictive,defensive,preventive,constructive,sensitive
四、副词后缀
常见的此类后缀及其具体含义如下:
- -ly意为:以……方式(in a…manner;etc. )
例词:happily, boldly,attentive- ly,strangely - -ward(s)意为:表示方式或动作的方向(manner and direction of movement)例词:onward(s),backward(s),earthward(s),homeward(s),eastward(s)
- -wise意为:1)按照……方式(in the manner of)例词:crabwise,clockwise2)就……而言(as
far as …is concerned)例词:weatherwise ,educationwise
有一个原因的单音节词,结尾只有一个单音辅音,在加以元音后缀是,要双写这个辅音. 例词:run + er = runner hit + ing = hitting