部分内容来自《Android开发艺术探索》
ContextImpl
service
的启动是从ContextWrapper
的startService()
开始的,
@Override
public ComponentName startService(Intent service) {
return mBase.startService(service);
}
方法里调用了mBase.startService(service);
来启动service
,而mBase
的类型就是ContextImpl
;
@Override
public ComponentName startService(Intent service) {
warnIfCallingFromSystemProcess();
return startServiceCommon(service, false, mUser);
}
所以我们继续看ContextImpl
的startService(service)
方法,方法里调用到了startServiceCommon
如下
private ComponentName startServiceCommon(Intent service, boolean requireForeground,
UserHandle user) {
try {
validateServiceIntent(service);
service.prepareToLeaveProcess(this);
//调用AMS
ComponentName cn = ActivityManager.getService().startService(
mMainThread.getApplicationThread(), service, service.resolveTypeIfNeeded(
getContentResolver()), requireForeground,
getOpPackageName(), user.getIdentifier());
if (cn != null) {
if (cn.getPackageName().equals("!")) {
throw new SecurityException(
"Not allowed to start service " + service
+ " without permission " + cn.getClassName());
} else if (cn.getPackageName().equals("!!")) {
throw new SecurityException(
"Unable to start service " + service
+ ": " + cn.getClassName());
} else if (cn.getPackageName().equals("?")) {
throw new IllegalStateException(
"Not allowed to start service " + service + ": " + cn.getClassName());
}
}
return cn;
} catch (RemoteException e) {
throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
}
}
可以看到startServiceCommon
方法里最终是调用AMS来startService
AMS
@Override
public ComponentName startService(IApplicationThread caller, Intent service,
String resolvedType, boolean requireForeground, String callingPackage, int userId)
throws TransactionTooLargeException {
enforceNotIsolatedCaller("startService");
// Refuse possible leaked file descriptors
synchronized(this) {
final int callingPid = Binder.getCallingPid();
final int callingUid = Binder.getCallingUid();
final long origId = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
ComponentName res;
try {
//ActiveServices mServices
res = mServices.startServiceLocked(caller, service,
resolvedType, callingPid, callingUid,
requireForeground, callingPackage, userId);
} finally {
Binder.restoreCallingIdentity(origId);
}
return res;
}
}
ActiveServices
可以看到在AMS里调用了ActiveServices
的startServiceLocked
方法,然后经过一系列的方法调用最终会调用到realStartServiceLocked
方法,从方法名可以看出service的真正启动是在这里。()至于之前的方法调用链这里就不贴代码了,放一个时序图示意)
然后我们看realStartServiceLocked
方法
private final void realStartServiceLocked(ServiceRecord r,
ProcessRecord app, boolean execInFg) throws RemoteException {
if (app.thread == null) {
throw new RemoteException();
}
r.app = app;
r.restartTime = r.lastActivity = SystemClock.uptimeMillis();
final boolean newService = app.services.add(r);
bumpServiceExecutingLocked(r, execInFg, "create");
mAm.updateLruProcessLocked(app, false, null);
updateServiceForegroundLocked(r.app, /* oomAdj= */ false);
mAm.updateOomAdjLocked();
boolean created = false;
try {
if (LOG_SERVICE_START_STOP) {
String nameTerm;
int lastPeriod = r.shortName.lastIndexOf('.');
nameTerm = lastPeriod >= 0 ? r.shortName.substring(lastPeriod) : r.shortName;
EventLogTags.writeAmCreateService(
r.userId, System.identityHashCode(r), nameTerm, r.app.uid, r.app.pid);
}
synchronized (r.stats.getBatteryStats()) {
r.stats.startLaunchedLocked();
}
mAm.notifyPackageUse(r.serviceInfo.packageName,
PackageManager.NOTIFY_PACKAGE_USE_SERVICE);
app.forceProcessStateUpTo(ActivityManager.PROCESS_STATE_SERVICE);
//IApplicationThread
app.thread.scheduleCreateService(r, r.serviceInfo,
mAm.compatibilityInfoForPackageLocked(r.serviceInfo.applicationInfo),
app.repProcState);
r.postNotification();
created = true;
} catch (DeadObjectException e) {
Slog.w(TAG, "Application dead when creating service " + r);
mAm.appDiedLocked(app);
throw e;
} finally {
......
}
.......
}
ApplicationThread
在realStartServiceLocked
方法中调用到了ApplicationThread
的scheduleCreateService
方法,这里又回到了ApplicationThread
四大组件的创建都会回到这里
public final void scheduleCreateService(IBinder token,
ServiceInfo info, CompatibilityInfo compatInfo, int processState) {
updateProcessState(processState, false);
CreateServiceData s = new CreateServiceData();
s.token = token;
s.info = info;
s.compatInfo = compatInfo;
sendMessage(H.CREATE_SERVICE, s);
}
ActiivtyThread
在scheduleCreateService
方法中可以看到,通过发消息给Handler H
来完成,Handler H
接收到CREATE_SERVICE
去调用ActiivtyThread
的handleCreateService
完成Service
最终的启动
private void handleCreateService(CreateServiceData data) {
// If we are getting ready to gc after going to the background, well
// we are back active so skip it.
unscheduleGcIdler();
LoadedApk packageInfo = getPackageInfoNoCheck(
data.info.applicationInfo, data.compatInfo);
Service service = null;
try {
java.lang.ClassLoader cl = packageInfo.getClassLoader();
//创建service ,
service = (Service) cl.loadClass(data.info.name).newInstance();
} catch (Exception e) {
if (!mInstrumentation.onException(service, e)) {
throw new RuntimeException(
"Unable to instantiate service " + data.info.name
+ ": " + e.toString(), e);
}
}
try {
if (localLOGV) Slog.v(TAG, "Creating service " + data.info.name);
ContextImpl context = ContextImpl.createAppContext(this, packageInfo);
context.setOuterContext(service);
Application app = packageInfo.makeApplication(false, mInstrumentation);
service.attach(context, this, data.info.name, data.token, app,
ActivityManager.getService());
service.onCreate();
mServices.put(data.token, service);
try {
ActivityManager.getService().serviceDoneExecuting(
data.token, SERVICE_DONE_EXECUTING_ANON, 0, 0);
} catch (RemoteException e) {
throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
}
} catch (Exception e) {
if (!mInstrumentation.onException(service, e)) {
throw new RuntimeException(
"Unable to create service " + data.info.name
+ ": " + e.toString(), e);
}
}
}
handleCreateService
方法总共做了下面几件事
- 首先通过类加载器创建
service
实例(四大组件的创建都是通过类加载器创建的实例) - 如果没有
Application
对象则去创建Application
对象并掉其onCreate
方法
public Application makeApplication(boolean forceDefaultAppClass,
Instrumentation instrumentation) {
if (mApplication != null) {
return mApplication;
}
Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER, "makeApplication");
Application app = null;
String appClass = mApplicationInfo.className;
if (forceDefaultAppClass || (appClass == null)) {
appClass = "android.app.Application";
}
try {
java.lang.ClassLoader cl = getClassLoader();
if (!mPackageName.equals("android")) {
Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER,
"initializeJavaContextClassLoader");
initializeJavaContextClassLoader();
Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER);
}
ContextImpl appContext = ContextImpl.createAppContext(mActivityThread, this);
app = mActivityThread.mInstrumentation.newApplication(
cl, appClass, appContext);
appContext.setOuterContext(app);
} catch (Exception e) {
if (!mActivityThread.mInstrumentation.onException(app, e)) {
Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER);
throw new RuntimeException(
"Unable to instantiate application " + appClass
+ ": " + e.toString(), e);
}
}
mActivityThread.mAllApplications.add(app);
mApplication = app;
if (instrumentation != null) {
try {
instrumentation.callApplicationOnCreate(app);
} catch (Exception e) {
if (!instrumentation.onException(app, e)) {
Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER);
throw new RuntimeException(
"Unable to create application " + app.getClass().getName()
+ ": " + e.toString(), e);
}
}
}
// Rewrite the R 'constants' for all library apks.
SparseArray<String> packageIdentifiers = getAssets().getAssignedPackageIdentifiers();
final int N = packageIdentifiers.size();
for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) {
final int id = packageIdentifiers.keyAt(i);
if (id == 0x01 || id == 0x7f) {
continue;
}
rewriteRValues(getClassLoader(), packageIdentifiers.valueAt(i), id);
}
Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER);
return app;
}
- 创建
ContextImpl
对象,并通过service
的attach
方法建立二者之间的关系 - 调用
service
的onCreate
方法并将service
对象存储到ActiivtyThread
的mServices
列表中
可以看到Service
的onCreate
方法已经被调用,也意味着Service
已经被启动,Service
的启动流程就到这了。