Java学习笔记（day22）

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一、学习任务

实现二叉树的存储

二叉树的存储主要分为两种方式：

1、顺序存储，二叉树的顺序存储结构中节点的存放次序是：对该树中每个节点进行编号，其编号从小到大的顺序就是节点存放在连续存储单元的先后次序。

2、二叉树的链式存储结构

在二叉树中，每一个结点有一个双亲结点和两个孩子结点。从一棵二叉树的根结点开始，通过结点的左右孩子地址就可以找到二叉树的每一个结点。因此二叉树的链式存储结构包括三个域:数据域，左孩子指针域和右孩子指针域。其中，数据域存放结点的值，左孩子指针域指向左孩子结点，右孩子指针域指向右孩子结点。这种链式存储结构称为二叉树链表存储结构
详细介绍可以参考博客：二叉树存储的基本概念

二、代码编写

1、完成存储对象的队列

package datastructure.queue;

/**
 * Circle Object queue.
 * 
 * @author Wei Ze 10259768602@qq.com
 */
public class CircleObjectQueue {

	/**
	 * The total space. One space can never be used.
	 */
	public static final int TOTAL_SPACE = 10;

	/**
	 * The data.
	 */
	Object[] data;

	/**
	 * The index of the head.
	 */
	int head;

	/**
	 * The index of the tail.
	 */
	int tail;

	/**
	 ******************* 
	 * The constructor
	 ******************* 
	 */
	public CircleObjectQueue() {
		data = new Object[TOTAL_SPACE];
		head = 0;
		tail = 0;
	}// Of the first constructor

	/**
	 *********************
	 * Enqueue.
	 * 
	 * @param paraValue
	 *            The value of the new node.
	 *********************
	 */
	public void enqueue(Object paraValue) {
		if ((tail + 1) % TOTAL_SPACE == head) {
			System.out.println("Queue full.");
			return;
		} // Of if

		data[tail % TOTAL_SPACE] = paraValue;
		tail++;
	}// Of enqueue

	/**
	 *********************
	 * Dequeue.
	 * 
	 * @return The value at the head.
	 *********************
	 */
	public Object dequeue() {
		if (head == tail) {
			//System.out.println("No element in the queue");
			return null;
		} // Of if

		Object resultValue = data[head];

		head++;

		return resultValue;
	}// Of dequeue

	/**
	 *********************
	 * Overrides the method claimed in Object, the superclass of any class.
	 *********************
	 */
	public String toString() {
		String resultString = "";

		if (head == tail) {
			return "empty";
		} // Of if

		for (int i = head; i < tail; i++) {
			resultString += data[i % TOTAL_SPACE] + ", ";
		} // Of for i

		return resultString;
	}// Of toString

	/**
	 *********************
	 * The entrance of the program.
	 * 
	 * @param args
	 *            Not used now.
	 *********************
	 */
	public static void main(String args[]) {
		CircleObjectQueue tempQueue = new CircleObjectQueue();
	}// Of main

}// Of CircleObjectQueue

 

2、实现整个功能

/**
	 * The values of nodes according to breadth first traversal.
	 */
	char[] valuesArray;

	/**
	 * The indices in the complete binary tree.
	 */
	int[] indicesArray;

	/**
	 ********************
	 * Convert the tree to data arrays, including a char array and an int array.
	 * The results are stored in two member variables.
	 * 
	 * @see #valuesArray
	 * @see #indicesArray
	 *********************
	 */
	public void toDataArrays() {
		//Initialize arrays.
		int tempLength = getNumNodes();

		valuesArray = new char[tempLength];
		indicesArray = new int[tempLength];
		int i = 0;

		//Traverse and convert at the same time.
		CircleObjectQueue tempQueue = new CircleObjectQueue();
		tempQueue.enqueue(this);
		CircleIntQueue tempIntQueue = new CircleIntQueue();
		tempIntQueue.enqueue(0);

		BinaryCharTree tempTree = (BinaryCharTree) tempQueue.dequeue();
		int tempIndex = tempIntQueue.dequeue();
		while (tempTree != null) {
			valuesArray[i] = tempTree.value;
			indicesArray[i] = tempIndex;
			i++;

			if (tempTree.leftChild != null) {
				tempQueue.enqueue(tempTree.leftChild);
				tempIntQueue.enqueue(tempIndex * 2 + 1);
			} // Of if

			if (tempTree.rightChild != null) {
				tempQueue.enqueue(tempTree.rightChild);
				tempIntQueue.enqueue(tempIndex * 2 + 2);
			} // Of if

			tempTree = (BinaryCharTree) tempQueue.dequeue();
			tempIndex = tempIntQueue.dequeue();
		} // Of while
	}// Of toDataArrays

	/**
	 *********************
	 * The entrance of the program.
	 * 
	 * @param args
	 *            Not used now.
	 *********************
	 */
	public static void main(String args[]) {
		BinaryCharTree tempTree = manualConstructTree();
		System.out.println("\r\nPreorder visit:");
		tempTree.preOrderVisit();
		System.out.println("\r\nIn-order visit:");
		tempTree.inOrderVisit();
		System.out.println("\r\nPost-order visit:");
		tempTree.postOrderVisit();

		System.out.println("\r\n\r\nThe depth is: " + tempTree.getDepth());
		System.out.println("The number of nodes is: " + tempTree.getNumNodes());

		tempTree.toDataArrays();
		System.out.println("The values are: " + Arrays.toString(tempTree.valuesArray));
		System.out.println("The indices are: " + Arrays.toString(tempTree.indicesArray));
	}// Of main	

 

总结

顺序存储对于完全二叉树来说是比较适合的，因为采用顺序存储能够节省内存单元，并能够利用公式得到每个结点的存储位置。但是，对于非完全二叉树来说，这种存储方式会浪费内存空间。