一、学习内容
主题:堆排序
定义:堆排序(英语:Heapsort)是指利用堆这种数据结构所设计的一种排序算法。堆是一个近似完全二叉树的结构,并同时满足堆积的性质:即子结点的键值或索引总是小于(或者大于)它的父节点。
运算步骤:在堆的数据结构中,堆中的最大值总是位于根节点(在优先队列中使用堆的话堆中的最小值位于根节点)。堆中定义以下几种操作: 最大堆调整(Max Heapify):将堆的末端子节点作调整,使得子节点永远小于父节点 创建最大堆(Build Max Heap):将堆中的所有数据重新排序 堆排序(HeapSort):移除位在第一个数据的根节点,并做最大堆调整的递归运算.
二、代码编写
/**
*********************
* Heap sort. Maybe the most difficult sorting algorithm.
*********************
*/
public void heapSort() {
DataNode tempNode;
// Step 1. Construct the initial heap.
for (int i = length / 2 - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
adjustHeap(i, length);
} // Of for i
System.out.println("The initial heap: " + this + "\r\n");
// Step 2. Swap and reconstruct.
for (int i = length - 1; i > 0; i--) {
tempNode = data[0];
data[0] = data[i];
data[i] = tempNode;
adjustHeap(0, i);
System.out.println("Round " + (length - i) + ": " + this);
} // Of for i
}// Of heapSort
/**
*********************
* Adjust the heap.
*
* @param paraStart The start of the index.
* @param paraLength The length of the adjusted sequence.
*********************
*/
public void adjustHeap(int paraStart, int paraLength) {
DataNode tempNode = data[paraStart];
int tempParent = paraStart;
int tempKey = data[paraStart].key;
for (int tempChild = paraStart * 2 + 1; tempChild < paraLength; tempChild = tempChild * 2 + 1) {
// The right child is bigger.
if (tempChild + 1 < paraLength) {
if (data[tempChild].key < data[tempChild + 1].key) {
tempChild++;
} // Of if
} // Of if
System.out.println("The parent position is " + tempParent + " and the child is " + tempChild);
if (tempKey < data[tempChild].key) {
// The child is bigger.
data[tempParent] = data[tempChild];
System.out.println("Move " + data[tempChild].key + " to position " + tempParent);
tempParent = tempChild;
} else {
break;
} // Of if
} // Of for tempChild
data[tempParent] = tempNode;
System.out.println("Adjust " + paraStart + " to " + paraLength + ": " + this);
}// Of adjustHeap
/**
*********************
* Test the method.
*********************
*/
public static void heapSortTest() {
int[] tempUnsortedKeys = { 5, 3, 6, 10, 7, 1, 9 };
String[] tempContents = { "if", "then", "else", "switch", "case", "for", "while" };
DataArray tempDataArray = new DataArray(tempUnsortedKeys, tempContents);
System.out.println(tempDataArray);
tempDataArray.heapSort();
System.out.println("Result\r\n" + tempDataArray);
}// Of heapSortTest