Frequent values （线段树）

You are given a sequence of n integers a1, a2, . . . , an in non-decreasing order. In addition to that, you
are given several queries consisting of indices i and j (1 ≤ i ≤ j ≤ n). For each query, determine the
most frequent value among the integers ai
, . . . , aj .
Input
The input consists of several test cases. Each test case starts with a line containing two integers n and
q (1 ≤ n, q ≤ 100000). The next line contains n integers a1, . . . , an (−100000 ≤ ai ≤ 100000, for each
i ∈ {1, ..., n}) separated by spaces. You can assume that for each i ∈ {1, . . . , n − 1}: ai ≤ ai+1. The
following q lines contain one query each, consisting of two integers i and j (1 ≤ i ≤ j ≤ n), which
indicate the boundary indices for the query.
The last test case is followed by a line containing a single ‘0’.
Output
For each query, print one line with one integer: The number of occurrences of the most frequent value
within the given range.
Note: A naive algorithm may not run in time!
Sample Input
10 3
-1 -1 1 1 1 1 3 10 10 10
2 3
1 10
5 10
0
Sample Output
1
4
3

题目大概：

给出n个整数，求区间l，r之间的最多相同元素的数量，这n个整数满足（ai<=aj）当 i<=j 时。

思路：

看到这个题，就想把相同的元素合并成一个点，值为这个元素的数量，求最大相同元素个数，就是求最值。这样就转化为一个简单的线段树求区间最值的问题了。但是这个区间的端点需要特殊考虑一下，因为求得区间不一定是刚好是在每个元素的分界线上。这样，当区间很小时，也需要特殊考虑一下。

代码：

#include<iostream>
#include<cstdio>
#include<cstring>
#include<cmath>
#include<algorithm>

using namespace std;
#define lson l,m,rt<<1
#define rson m+1,r,rt<<1|1
const int maxn=1e5+10;
const int INF=0x3f3f3f3f;
int Map[maxn];
int a[maxn],b[maxn],c[maxn];
int sum[maxn<<3];
int cnt;
void pushup(int rt)
{
    sum[rt]=max(sum[rt<<1],sum[rt<<1|1]);
}

void build(int l,int r,int rt)
{
    if(l==r)
    {
        sum[rt]=a[++cnt];
        return;
    }
    int m=(l+r)>>1;
    build(lson);
    build(rson);
    pushup(rt);
}

int quert(int L,int R,int l,int r,int rt)
{
    if(L<=l&&r<=R)
    {
        return sum[rt];
    }

    int m=(l+r)>>1;
    int ret=0;
    if(L<=m)ret=max(ret,quert(L,R,lson));
    if(R>m)ret=max(ret,quert(L,R,rson));

    return ret;
}
int main()
{
    int n,m;
    while(~scanf("%d",&n)&&n)
    {
        memset(a,0,sizeof(a));
        memset(c,0,sizeof(c));
        memset(Map,0,sizeof(Map));
        memset(b,0,sizeof(b));
        memset(sum,0,sizeof(sum));
        scanf("%d",&m);
        int u;
        cnt=0;
        int pre=INF;
        int ans=0;
        for(int i=1; i<=n; i++)
        {
            scanf("%d",&u);
            b[i]=u;
            if(u==pre)
            {
                Map[i]=ans;
                a[ans]++;
                c[i]=c[i-1]+1;
            }
            else
            {
                Map[i]=++ans;
                a[ans]++;
                c[i]=1;
            }
            pre=u;
        }
        build(1,ans,1);
        int l,r;
        for(int i=1; i<=m; i++)
        {
            scanf("%d%d",&l,&r);
            if(Map[l]==Map[r])  //区间只有一个点
            {
                printf("%d\n",r-l+1);
            }
            else if(Map[r]-Map[l]==1)//区间有两个点，不需要用线段树
            {
                printf("%d\n",max((a[Map[l]]-c[l]+1),c[r]));
            }
            else    //区间有3个点以上，中间的点需要用线段树，两端特殊处理。
            {
                int max_1=quert(Map[l]+1,Map[r]-1,1,ans,1);
                int max_2=a[Map[l]]-c[l]+1;
                int max_3=c[r];
                int ma=max(max_1,max(max_2,max_3));
                printf("%d\n",ma);
            }
        }
    }
    return 0;
}