概述
解析
根据源码, 可以看到线程拥有的状态枚举.
// java.lang.Thread 1742
public enum State {
/**
* Thread state for a thread which has not yet started.
* 新建状态, 线程还没有启动.
*/
NEW,
/**
* Thread state for a runnable thread. A thread in the runnable
* state is executing in the Java virtual machine but it may
* be waiting for other resources from the operating system
* such as processor.
* 可运行状态, 但是可能需要等待操作系统资源.
*/
RUNNABLE,
/**
* Thread state for a thread blocked waiting for a monitor lock.
* A thread in the blocked state is waiting for a monitor lock
* to enter a synchronized block/method or
* reenter a synchronized block/method after calling
* {@link Object#wait() Object.wait}.
* 阻塞状态, 正在等待某个锁.
*/
BLOCKED,
/**
* Thread state for a waiting thread.
* A thread is in the waiting state due to calling one of the
* following methods:
* <ul>
* <li>{@link Object#wait() Object.wait} with no timeout</li>
* <li>{@link #join() Thread.join} with no timeout</li>
* <li>{@link LockSupport#park() LockSupport.park}</li>
* </ul>
*
* <p>A thread in the waiting state is waiting for another thread to
* perform a particular action.
*
* For example, a thread that has called <tt>Object.wait()</tt>
* on an object is waiting for another thread to call
* <tt>Object.notify()</tt> or <tt>Object.notifyAll()</tt> on
* that object. A thread that has called <tt>Thread.join()</tt>
* is waiting for a specified thread to terminate.
* 等待状态, 线程正在等待某个其他线程完成某个操作.
*/
WAITING,
/**
* Thread state for a waiting thread with a specified waiting time.
* A thread is in the timed waiting state due to calling one of
* the following methods with a specified positive waiting time:
* <ul>
* <li>{@link #sleep Thread.sleep}</li>
* <li>{@link Object#wait(long) Object.wait} with timeout</li>
* <li>{@link #join(long) Thread.join} with timeout</li>
* <li>{@link LockSupport#parkNanos LockSupport.parkNanos}</li>
* <li>{@link LockSupport#parkUntil LockSupport.parkUntil}</li>
* </ul>
* 定时等待状态, 线程正在定时等待某个时间, 然后苏醒.
*/
TIMED_WAITING,
/**
* Thread state for a terminated thread.
* The thread has completed execution.
* 已终止状态, 线程已经完成执行.
*/
TERMINATED;
}
NEW状态:
Thread t = new Thread();
System.out.println("t.state: " + t.getState());
// t.state: NEW
RUNABLE状态:
Thread t = new Thread(() -> {
for (int i = 0; i < 10000; i++) {
System.out.println(i);
}
});
t.start();
System.out.println("t.state: " + t.getState());
// t.state: RUNNABLE
BLOCKED状态:
public class ThreadStateStarter {
private static synchronized void func() {
for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
System.out.print("");
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Thread t1 = new Thread(ThreadStateStarter::func);
Thread t2 = new Thread(ThreadStateStarter::func);
t1.start();
t2.start();
for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
System.out.println("t1.state: " + t1.getState());
System.out.println("t2.state: " + t2.getState());
}
}
}
// t1或者t2会被阻塞在锁上, 状态为BLOCKED
WAITING状态:
Object lock = new Object();
Thread t = new Thread(() -> {
System.out.print("");
try {
synchronized (lock) {
lock.wait();
}
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
});
t.start();
Thread.sleep(200);
System.out.println("t.state: " + t.getState());
JOIN导致的WAITING状态:
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
Thread t = new Thread(() -> {
try {
Thread.sleep(2000);
System.out.println("t end.");
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
});
MyThread mt = new MyThread(t);
t.start();
mt.start();
Thread.sleep(500);
System.out.println("mt.state: " + mt.getState());
}
static class MyThread extends Thread {
private Thread joinThread;
public MyThread(Thread joinThread) {
this.joinThread = joinThread;
}
@Override
public void run() {
try {
// 等待joinThread执行完成之后, 当前线程才继续执行.
joinThread.join();
System.out.println("mt end.");
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
/*
输出:
------------------------------
mt.state: WAITING
t end.
mt end.
------------------------------
*/
不同状态的转换
线程的停止
有启动则会有停止, 如何停止一个线程?可以直接关闭电源而粗暴的停止线程, 这会导致数据状态的不一致性, 所以最好是采用让线程缓慢执行完所有的过程而停止.
如果一个线程的任务,没有阻塞,则可能自然而然的结束了. 但是如果线程执行过程中存在sleep
,wait
, join
等情况, 可能会导致线程无法快速结束, 甚至如果存在死锁, 则永久无法结束等问题.
可以采用interrrupt
来中断线程.