消息中间件 -RabbitMQ 消息的拒绝死信交换器DLX （二十八）

最新推荐文章于 2023-06-08 14:12:00 发布

日薪灬越亿

最新推荐文章于 2023-06-08 14:12:00 发布

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分类专栏：消息中间件

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/a1173537204/article/details/103447546

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RabbitMQ对AMQP规范的一个扩展。被投递消息被拒绝后的一个可选行为，往往用在对问题消息的诊断上。

消息变成死信一般是以下几种情况：

消息被拒绝，并且设置 requeue 参数为 false
消息过期
队列达到最大长度

死信交换器仍然只是一个普通的交换器，创建时并没有特别要求和操作。在创建队列的时候，声明该交换器将用作保存被拒绝的消息即可，相关的参数是x-dead-letter-exchange。

和备用交换器的区别

1、备用交换器是主交换器无法路由消息，那么消息将被路由到这个新的备用交换器，而死信交换器则是接收过期或者被拒绝的消息。

2、备用交换器是在声明主交换器时发生联系，而死信交换器则声明队列时发生联系。

普通的消费者，消费死信队列dlx_accept

/**
 *类说明：普通的消费者，消费死信队列dlx_accept
 */
public class DlxProcessConsumer {

    public final static String DLX_EXCHANGE_NAME = "dlx_accept";

    public static void main(String[] argv)
            throws IOException, TimeoutException {
        ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
        factory.setHost("127.0.0.1");

        // 打开连接和创建频道，与发送端一样
        Connection connection = factory.newConnection();
        final Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
        channel.exchangeDeclare(DLX_EXCHANGE_NAME,
                BuiltinExchangeType.TOPIC);

        /*声明一个队列*/
        String queueName = "dlx_accept";
        channel.queueDeclare(queueName,false,false,
                false,null);

        /*绑定，将队列和交换器通过路由键进行绑定*/
        channel.queueBind(queueName,
                DLX_EXCHANGE_NAME,"#");

        System.out.println("waiting for message........");

        /*声明了一个死信消费者*/
        final Consumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel){
            @Override
            public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag,
                                       Envelope envelope,
                                       AMQP.BasicProperties properties,
                                       byte[] body) throws IOException {
                String message = new String(body, "UTF-8");
                System.out.println("Received dead letter["
                        +envelope.getRoutingKey()
                        +"]"+message);
            }
        };
        /*消费者正式开始在指定队列上消费消息*/
        channel.basicConsume(queueName,true,consumer);


    }

}

普通的消费者，消费死信队列dlx_warn_accept,路由键为dlx_other

/**
 *类说明：普通的消费者，消费死信队列dlx_warn_accept,路由键为dlx_other
 */
public class DlxProcessOtherConsumer {


    public static void main(String[] argv)
            throws IOException, TimeoutException {
        ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
        factory.setHost("127.0.0.1");

        // 打开连接和创建频道，与发送端一样
        Connection connection = factory.newConnection();
        final Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
        channel.exchangeDeclare(DlxProcessWarnConsumer.DLX_EXCHANGE_NAME,
                BuiltinExchangeType.TOPIC);

        /*声明一个队列*/
        String queueName = "dlx_other";
        channel.queueDeclare(queueName,false,false,
                false,null);

        /*绑定，将队列和交换器通过路由键进行绑定*/
        channel.queueBind(queueName,
                DlxProcessWarnConsumer.DLX_EXCHANGE_NAME,
                "dlx_other");

        System.out.println("waiting for message........");

        /*声明了一个死信消费者*/
        final Consumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel){
            @Override
            public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag,
                                       Envelope envelope,
                                       AMQP.BasicProperties properties,
                                       byte[] body) throws IOException {
                String message = new String(body, "UTF-8");
                System.out.println("Received dead letter["
                        +envelope.getRoutingKey()
                        +"]"+message);
            }
        };
        /*消费者正式开始在指定队列上消费消息*/
        channel.basicConsume(queueName,true,consumer);


    }

}

普通的消费者，消费死信队列dlx_warn_accept，路由键为dlx_warn

/**
 *类说明：普通的消费者，消费死信队列dlx_warn_accept，路由键为dlx_warn
 */
public class DlxProcessWarnConsumer {

    public final static String DLX_EXCHANGE_NAME = "dlx_warn_accept";
    public final static String DLX_ROUTE_KEY = "dlx_warn";

    public static void main(String[] argv)
            throws IOException, TimeoutException {
        ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
        factory.setHost("127.0.0.1");

        // 打开连接和创建频道，与发送端一样
        Connection connection = factory.newConnection();
        final Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
        channel.exchangeDeclare(DLX_EXCHANGE_NAME,
                BuiltinExchangeType.TOPIC);

        /*声明一个队列*/
        String queueName = "dlx_warn_accept";
        channel.queueDeclare(queueName,false,false,
                false,null);

        /*绑定，将队列和交换器通过路由键进行绑定*/
        channel.queueBind(queueName,
                DLX_EXCHANGE_NAME,DLX_ROUTE_KEY);

        System.out.println("waiting for message........");

        /*声明了一个死信消费者*/
        final Consumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel){
            @Override
            public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag,
                                       Envelope envelope,
                                       AMQP.BasicProperties properties,
                                       byte[] body) throws IOException {
                String message = new String(body, "UTF-8");
                System.out.println("Received dead letter["
                        +envelope.getRoutingKey()
                        +"]"+message);
            }
        };
        /*消费者正式开始在指定队列上消费消息*/
        channel.basicConsume(queueName,true,consumer);


    }

}

普通的消费者,但是自己无法消费的消息，将投入死信队列

/**
 *类说明：普通的消费者,但是自己无法消费的消息，将投入死信队列
 */
public class WillMakeDlxConsumer {

    public static void main(String[] argv)
            throws IOException, TimeoutException {
        ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
        factory.setHost("127.0.0.1");

        // 打开连接和创建频道，与发送端一样
        Connection connection = factory.newConnection();
        final Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
        channel.exchangeDeclare(DlxProducer.EXCHANGE_NAME,
                BuiltinExchangeType.TOPIC);

        /*声明一个队列，并绑定死信交换器*/
        String queueName = "dlx_make";
        Map<String,Object> args = new HashMap<String,Object>();
        args.put("x-dead-letter-exchange",
                DlxProcessConsumer.DLX_EXCHANGE_NAME);
        channel.queueDeclare(queueName,false,true,
                false,
                args);

        /*绑定，将队列和交换器通过路由键进行绑定*/
        channel.queueBind(queueName,
                DlxProducer.EXCHANGE_NAME,"#");

        System.out.println("waiting for message........");

        /*声明了一个消费者*/
        final Consumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel){
            @Override
            public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag,
                                       Envelope envelope,
                                       AMQP.BasicProperties properties,
                                       byte[] body) throws IOException {
                String message = new String(body, "UTF-8");

                if(envelope.getRoutingKey().equals("error")){
                    System.out.println("Received["
                            +envelope.getRoutingKey()
                            +"]"+message);
                    channel.basicAck(envelope.getDeliveryTag(),
                            false);
                }else{
                    System.out.println("Will reject["
                            +envelope.getRoutingKey()
                            +"]"+message);
                    channel.basicReject(envelope.getDeliveryTag(),
                            false);
                }

            }
        };
        /*消费者正式开始在指定队列上消费消息*/
        channel.basicConsume(queueName,false,consumer);


    }

}

普通的消费者,但是自己无法消费的消息，通过路由键将投入死信队列

/**
 *类说明：普通的消费者,但是自己无法消费的消息，通过路由键将投入死信队列
 */
public class WillMakeWarnDlxConsumer {

    public static void main(String[] argv)
            throws IOException, TimeoutException {
        ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
        factory.setHost("127.0.0.1");

        // 打开连接和创建频道，与发送端一样
        Connection connection = factory.newConnection();
        final Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
        channel.exchangeDeclare(DlxProducer.EXCHANGE_NAME,
                BuiltinExchangeType.TOPIC);

        /*声明一个队列，并绑定死信交换器*/
        String queueName = "dlx_warn_make";
        Map<String, Object> arguments = new HashMap<String, Object>();
        //死信交换器
        arguments.put("x-dead-letter-exchange",
                DlxProcessWarnConsumer.DLX_EXCHANGE_NAME);
        //死信路由键，会替换消息原来的路由键
        arguments.put("x-dead-letter-routing-key",
                DlxProcessWarnConsumer.DLX_ROUTE_KEY);
        channel.queueDeclare(queueName,false,false,
                false,arguments);

        /*绑定，将队列和交换器通过路由键进行绑定*/
        channel.queueBind(queueName,
                DlxProducer.EXCHANGE_NAME,"#");

        System.out.println("waiting for message........");

        /*声明了一个消费者*/
        final Consumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel){
            @Override
            public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag,
                                       Envelope envelope,
                                       AMQP.BasicProperties properties,
                                       byte[] body) throws IOException {
                String message = new String(body, "UTF-8");

                if(envelope.getRoutingKey().equals("error")){
                    System.out.println("Received["
                            +envelope.getRoutingKey()
                            +"]"+message);
                    channel.basicAck(envelope.getDeliveryTag(),
                            false);
                }else{
                    System.out.println("Will reject["
                            +envelope.getRoutingKey()
                            +"]"+message);
                    channel.basicReject(envelope.getDeliveryTag(),
                            false);
                }

            }
        };
        /*消费者正式开始在指定队列上消费消息*/
        channel.basicConsume(queueName,false,consumer);


    }

}

生产者：

public class DlxProducer {

    public final static String EXCHANGE_NAME = "dlx_make";

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {
        /**
         * 创建连接连接到MabbitMQ
         */
        ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
        // 设置MabbitMQ所在主机ip或者主机名
        factory.setHost("127.0.0.1");

        // 创建一个连接
        Connection connection = factory.newConnection();
        // 创建一个信道
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
        // 指定转发
        channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME, BuiltinExchangeType.TOPIC);

        /*日志消息级别，作为路由键使用*/
        String[] serverities = {"error","info","warning"};
        for(int i=0;i<3;i++){
            String severity = serverities[i%3];
            String msg = "Hellol,RabbitMq"+(i+1);
            /*发布消息，需要参数：交换器，路由键，其中以日志消息级别为路由键*/
            channel.basicPublish(EXCHANGE_NAME,severity,null,
                    msg.getBytes());
            System.out.println("Sent "+severity+":"+msg);
        }
        // 关闭频道和连接
        channel.close();
        connection.close();
    }

}

运行结果：