docker学习笔记（四）使用docker搭建环境_docker: 'a9d4a0610de8' is not a docker command.-CSDN博客

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/a123123sdf/article/details/117364824

参考：汤小洋老师的教学视频

docker学习笔记（一）【docker 介绍、卸载、安装、配置加速】

docker学习笔记（二）docker常用命令

docker学习笔记（三）镜像

docker学习笔记（五）如何创建自己的阿里云镜像仓库（这是2021版的阿里云教程）

目录标题

1、安装mysql
2、安装redis
3、安装Nginx
4、安装zookeeper

1、安装mysql

1.1、拉取mysql镜像

[root@iz2zedg4ylq9iqtwm11wecz ~]# dokcer pull mysql:5.7
[root@iz2zedg4ylq9iqtwm11wecz ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
docker.io/tomcat    latest              c43a65faae57        2 weeks ago         667 MB
docker.io/mysql     5.7                 2c9028880e58        2 weeks ago         447 MB
docker.io/centos    latest              300e315adb2f        5 months ago

1.2、运行容器

[root@iz2zedg4ylq9iqtwm11wecz ~]# docker run --name mysql \
> -p 3316:3306 -d mysql:5.7
e66ce0a9d573fc7434946dd5ce28996769db7c23d888cb039b09ff69d4f9d730

1.2.1、查看容器运行状态

[root@iz2zedg4ylq9iqtwm11wecz ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS                      PORTS               NAMES
e66ce0a9d573        mysql:5.7           "docker-entrypoint..."   42 seconds ago      Exited (1) 41 seconds ago                       mysql

发现mysql已经停止运行

1.2.2、通过docker logs 容器id查看容器运行日志

[root@iz2zedg4ylq9iqtwm11wecz ~]# docker logs e66ce0a9d573
2021-05-28 07:42:18+00:00 [Note] [Entrypoint]: Entrypoint script for MySQL Server 5.7.34-1debian10 started.
2021-05-28 07:42:18+00:00 [Note] [Entrypoint]: Switching to dedicated user 'mysql'
2021-05-28 07:42:18+00:00 [Note] [Entrypoint]: Entrypoint script for MySQL Server 5.7.34-1debian10 started.
2021-05-28 07:42:18+00:00 [ERROR] [Entrypoint]: Database is uninitialized and password option is not specified
    You need to specify one of the following:
    - MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD
    - MYSQL_ALLOW_EMPTY_PASSWORD
    - MYSQL_RANDOM_ROOT_PASSWORD
[root@iz2zedg4ylq9iqtwm11wecz ~]#

百度翻译得知我们初始化启动mysql的时候，需要指定密码
在这里插入图片描述

1.2.3、查看官网使用教程

在这里插入图片描述

#我们需要这样run mysql
docker run --name some-mysql -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=my-secret-pw -d mysql:tag

[root@iz2zedg4ylq9iqtwm11wecz ~]# docker run --name mysql -p 3316:3306 -d -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123 mysql:5.7
0d2eb32cb4ae320e9f3e1365eea04a262667b711a878b661905ccb083706a949
[root@iz2zedg4ylq9iqtwm11wecz ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                               NAMES
0d2eb32cb4ae        mysql:5.7           "docker-entrypoint..."   7 seconds ago       Up 6 seconds        33060/tcp, 0.0.0.0:3316->3306/tcp   mysql
[root@iz2zedg4ylq9iqtwm11wecz ~]#

这个时候mysql就启动成功了

1.2.4、我们测试连接一下这个mysql

1.2.4.1、本地连接：

[root@iz2zedg4ylq9iqtwm11wecz ~]# docker exec -it 0d2eb32cb4ae /bin/bash
root@0d2eb32cb4ae:/# mysql -u root -p
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 10
Server version: 5.7.34 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2021, Oracle and/or its affiliates.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql>

1.2.4.2、远程连接：

在这里插入图片描述
可以发现我们已经成功连接上使用docker安装的mysql

1.3、登录mysql后我们还需要更改mysql的一些默认配置

我们可以查看官网是如何更改默认配置的

在这里插入图片描述
我们先将MySQL的配置文件复制到宿主主机

[root@iz2zedg4ylq9iqtwm11wecz conf]# docker cp mysql:/etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/mysqld.cnf /my/mysql/conf
[root@iz2zedg4ylq9iqtwm11wecz conf]# ls
mysqld.cnf
[root@iz2zedg4ylq9iqtwm11wecz conf]#

1.3.1、我们重新run一个mysql容器

在run mysql容器的时候我们需要挂载一些数据、日志和配置。防止容器停止运行和数据丢失

第一步是在我们的宿主主机创建好mysql存放数据、日志和配置的目录

[root@iz2zedg4ylq9iqtwm11wecz my]# mkdir -p mysql/conf
[root@iz2zedg4ylq9iqtwm11wecz my]# mkdir -p mysql/data
[root@iz2zedg4ylq9iqtwm11wecz my]# mkdir -p mysql/logs
[root@iz2zedg4ylq9iqtwm11wecz my]# ls
mysql
[root@iz2zedg4ylq9iqtwm11wecz my]# cd mysql
[root@iz2zedg4ylq9iqtwm11wecz mysql]# ls
conf  data  logs
[root@iz2zedg4ylq9iqtwm11wecz mysql]#

删除并重新run mysql

[root@iz2zedg4ylq9iqtwm11wecz ~]# docker run --name mysql \
-p 3316:3306 \
-v /my/mysql/conf:/etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/ \
-v /my/mysql/data:/var/lib/mysql \
-v /my/mysql/logs:/logs \
-e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123 \
-d mysql:5.7
9d55c43331202d784d14e49f685aa633ddee525b59eb2c3067e607a335fbf739

更改默认配置文件

[root@iz2zedg4ylq9iqtwm11wecz conf]# pwd
/my/mysql/conf
[root@iz2zedg4ylq9iqtwm11wecz conf]# vim mysqld.cnf

更改默认的字符集**(注意更改配置文件后要重启容器才能生效)**
在这里插入图片描述

进入mysql查看字符集是否修改成功（注意更改配置文件后需要重启容器）

mysql> create database m
    -> ;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> show create database m
    -> ;
+----------+------------------------------------------------------------+
| Database | Create Database                                            |
+----------+------------------------------------------------------------+
| m        | CREATE DATABASE `m` /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8 */ |
+----------+------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

2、安装redis

2.1、拉取镜像

[root@iz2zedg4ylq9iqtwm11wecz ~]# docker pull redis
Using default tag: latest
Trying to pull repository docker.io/library/redis ... 
latest: Pulling from docker.io/library/redis
69692152171a: Already exists 
a4a46f2fd7e0: Pull complete 
bcdf6fddc3bd: Pull complete 
b7e9b50900cc: Pull complete 
5f3030c50d85: Pull complete 
63dae8e0776c: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:365eddf64356169aa0cbfbeaf928eb80762de3cc364402e7653532bcec912973
Status: Downloaded newer image for docker.io/redis:latest
[root@iz2zedg4ylq9iqtwm11wecz ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
docker.io/tomcat    latest              c43a65faae57        2 weeks ago         667 MB
docker.io/redis     latest              bc8d70f9ef6c        2 weeks ago         105 MB
docker.io/mysql     5.7                 2c9028880e58        2 weeks ago         447 MB
docker.io/centos    latest              300e315adb2f        5 months ago        209 MB
[root@iz2zedg4ylq9iqtwm11wecz ~]#

2.2、查看官网使用说明

在这里插入图片描述

2.3、先去redis的官方网站获取redis.conf配置文件

在这里插入图片描述

先下载redis

[root@iz2zedg4ylq9iqtwm11wecz my]# mkdir redis
[root@iz2zedg4ylq9iqtwm11wecz my]# ls
mysql  redis
[root@iz2zedg4ylq9iqtwm11wecz my]# cd redis/
[root@iz2zedg4ylq9iqtwm11wecz redis]# pwd
/my/redis
[root@iz2zedg4ylq9iqtwm11wecz redis]# wget https://download.redis.io/releases/redis-6.2.3.tar.gz
--2021-05-28 18:30:37--  https://download.redis.io/releases/redis-6.2.3.tar.gz
Resolving download.redis.io (download.redis.io)... 45.60.125.1
Connecting to download.redis.io (download.redis.io)|45.60.125.1|:443... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 2456050 (2.3M) [application/octet-stream]
Saving to: ‘redis-6.2.3.tar.gz’

100%[=========================================================================>] 2,456,050   2.37MB/s   in 1.0s   

2021-05-28 18:30:39 (2.37 MB/s) - ‘redis-6.2.3.tar.gz’ saved [2456050/2456050]

[root@iz2zedg4ylq9iqtwm11wecz redis]#

解压

[root@iz2zedg4ylq9iqtwm11wecz redis]# ls
redis-6.2.3.tar.gz
[root@iz2zedg4ylq9iqtwm11wecz redis]# tar zxf redis-6.2.3.tar.gz 
[root@iz2zedg4ylq9iqtwm11wecz redis]# ls
redis-6.2.3  redis-6.2.3.tar.gz
[root@iz2zedg4ylq9iqtwm11wecz redis]#

获取redis.conf配置文件

[root@iz2zedg4ylq9iqtwm11wecz redis]# cd redis-6.2.3
[root@iz2zedg4ylq9iqtwm11wecz redis-6.2.3]# ls
00-RELEASENOTES  CONTRIBUTING  INSTALL    README.md   runtest-cluster    sentinel.conf  TLS.md
BUGS             COPYING       Makefile   redis.conf  runtest-moduleapi  src            utils
CONDUCT          deps          MANIFESTO  runtest     runtest-sentinel   tests
[root@iz2zedg4ylq9iqtwm11wecz redis-6.2.3]# mkdir /my/redis/conf
[root@iz2zedg4ylq9iqtwm11wecz redis-6.2.3]# cp redis.conf /my/redis/conf
[root@iz2zedg4ylq9iqtwm11wecz redis-6.2.3]# cd /my/redis/conf
[root@iz2zedg4ylq9iqtwm11wecz conf]# ls
redis.conf
[root@iz2zedg4ylq9iqtwm11wecz conf]#

修改配置文件
首先 vim redis.conf
然后，在normal模式（也就是不能写的模式下）下按下/即可进入查找模式按n搜索下一条，N是上一条
搜索：recuirepass （将注释去掉）然后在后面填写密码。比如更改为： requirepass 123

2.4、docker run redis

[root@iz2zedg4ylq9iqtwm11wecz redis]# docker run --name myredis \
> -p 6379:6379 \
> -v /my/redis/conf/redis.conf:/usr/local/etc/redis/redis.conf \
> -v /my/redis/data:/data \                                                                  
> -d redis redis-server /usr/local/etc/redis/redis.conf
598fef497cec840fff08dd5532fbf30f671eeb6022f93c2276cc12b77bc5e548
[root@iz2zedg4ylq9iqtwm11wecz redis]#

2.5、访问 redis

2.5.1本地访问

[root@iz2zedg4ylq9iqtwm11wecz redis]# docker exec -it myredis /bin/bash
root@598fef497cec:/data# redis-cli
127.0.0.1:6379> set name lihua
(error) NOAUTH Authentication required.
127.0.0.1:6379> auth 123
OK
127.0.0.1:6379> set name lihua
OK
127.0.0.1:6379> set age 18
OK
127.0.0.1:6379> key *
(error) ERR unknown command `key`, with args beginning with: `*`, 
127.0.0.1:6379> keys *
1) "name"
2) "age"
127.0.0.1:6379>

2.5.2远程访问，由于没有安装redis就演示了
注意远程连接需要，在redis.conf配置远程连接。配置文件更改后需要重启容器
1、关闭只允许本机访问
在这里插入图片描述

2、关闭保护模式
在这里插入图片描述

2.6、redis在容器中的安装目录

root@0bee7c2d98cb:/usr/local/bin# pwd
/usr/local/bin

3、安装Nginx

3.1、拉取镜像

[root@iz2zedg4ylq9iqtwm11wecz ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
docker.io/nginx     latest              d1a364dc548d        2 days ago          133 MB

3.2、运行容器

[root@iz2zedg4ylq9iqtwm11wecz ~]# docker run --name mynginx -d nginx
66f66c0d71a6bc73b5af1efe29db0923e70ec80c211b5fba47edf1206f7e0d77
[root@iz2zedg4ylq9iqtwm11wecz ~]#

3.3、在宿主主机创建挂载目录

[root@iz2zedg4ylq9iqtwm11wecz ~]# cd /my/nginx/
[root@iz2zedg4ylq9iqtwm11wecz nginx]# ls
html
[root@iz2zedg4ylq9iqtwm11wecz nginx]# pwd
/my/nginx
[root@iz2zedg4ylq9iqtwm11wecz nginx]#

3.4、从容器中拷贝配置文件

[root@iz2zedg4ylq9iqtwm11wecz nginx]# docker cp mynginx:/etc/nginx/nginx.conf /my/nginx  #主配置文件
[root@iz2zedg4ylq9iqtwm11wecz nginx]# ls
html  nginx.conf
[root@iz2zedg4ylq9iqtwm11wecz nginx]#
[root@iz2zedg4ylq9iqtwm11wecz nginx]# docker cp mynginx:/etc/nginx/conf.d /my/nginx #拷贝nginx 导入虚拟主机配置文件
[root@iz2zedg4ylq9iqtwm11wecz nginx]# ls
conf.d  html  nginx.conf
[root@iz2zedg4ylq9iqtwm11wecz nginx]#

自定义nginx主页

[root@iz2zedg4ylq9iqtwm11wecz nginx]# echo welcome to nginx! > /my/nginx/html/index.html
[root@iz2zedg4ylq9iqtwm11wecz nginx]# cd html
[root@iz2zedg4ylq9iqtwm11wecz html]# cat index.html 
welcome to nginx!
[root@iz2zedg4ylq9iqtwm11wecz html]#

3.5、运行容器

[root@iz2zedg4ylq9iqtwm11wecz nginx]# docker run --name mynginx \
-p 80:80 -p 443:443 \
-v /my/nginx/nginx.conf:/etc/nginx/nginx.conf \
-v /my/nginx/html:/usr/share/nginx/html:ro \
-v /my/nginx/conf.d:/usr/nginx/conf.d \
-d nginx 
dfabf4da2bddc13ee408897d1dac6f3478d30dd6829eda10bb764b46c733de48
[root@iz2zedg4ylq9iqtwm11wecz nginx]#

访问一下
在这里插入图片描述

4、安装zookeeper

4.1、搜索镜像

[root@iz2zedg4ylq9iqtwm11wecz ~]# docker search zookeeper
INDEX       NAME                                         DESCRIPTION                        STARS（热度）     OFFICIAL(官方)  AUTOMATED
docker.io   docker.io/zookeeper                          Apache ZooKeeper is an open-source server ...   1123      [OK]       
docker.io   docker.io/jplock/zookeeper                   Builds a docker image for Zookeeper versio...   165                  [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/wurstmeister/zookeeper                                                             152                  [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/mesoscloud/zookeeper               ZooKeeper                                       73                   [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/digitalwonderland/zookeeper        Latest Zookeeper - clusterable                  23                   [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/mbabineau/zookeeper-exhibitor                                                      23                   [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/tobilg/zookeeper-webui             Docker image for using `zk-web` as ZooKeep...   15                   [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/debezium/zookeeper                 Zookeeper image required when running the ...   14                   [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/confluent/zookeeper                [deprecated - please use confluentinc/cp-z...   13                   [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/31z4/zookeeper                     Dockerized Apache Zookeeper.                    9                    [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/thefactory/zookeeper-exhibitor     Exhibitor-managed ZooKeeper with S3 backup...   6                    [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/engapa/zookeeper                   Zookeeper image optimised for being used i...   3                    
docker.io   docker.io/emccorp/zookeeper                  Zookeeper                                       2                    
docker.io   docker.io/harisekhon/zookeeper               Apache ZooKeeper (tags 3.3 - 3.4)               2                    [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/duffqiu/zookeeper-cli                                                              1                    [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/josdotso/zookeeper-exporter        ref: https://github.com/carlpett/zookeeper...   1                    [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/openshift/zookeeper-346-fedora20   ZooKeeper 3.4.6 with replication support        1                    
docker.io   docker.io/paulbrown/zookeeper                Zookeeper on Kubernetes (PetSet)                1                    [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/perrykim/zookeeper                 k8s - zookeeper  ( forked k8s contrib )         1                    [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/strimzi/zookeeper                                                                  1                    
docker.io   docker.io/dabealu/zookeeper-exporter         zookeeper exporter for prometheus               0                    [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/humio/zookeeper-dev                zookeeper build with zulu jvm.                  0                    
docker.io   docker.io/midonet/zookeeper                  Dockerfile for a Zookeeper server.              0                    [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/phenompeople/zookeeper             Apache ZooKeeper is an open-source server ...   0                    [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/pravega/zookeeper-operator         Kubernetes operator for Zookeeper               0                    
[root@iz2zedg4ylq9iqtwm11wecz ~]# docker pull docker.io/zookeeper

4.2、拉取镜像

版本：3.7.0

[root@iz2zedg4ylq9iqtwm11wecz ~]# docker pull docker.io/zookeeper:3.7.0
Using default tag: latest
Trying to pull repository docker.io/library/zookeeper ... 
latest: Pulling from docker.io/library/zookeeper
e1acddbe380c: Pull complete 
427b7134c0c7: Pull complete 
cea848f5155d: Pull complete 
663bffc94428: Pull complete 
474d1e69eb08: Pull complete 
c1cecf1b8792: Pull complete 
159250b3b625: Pull complete 
e216e6f8b2db: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:265a3f1d4a619752c15076308ab0ae0c8ac0eeea6ce2bc64ba204d8b7bae0bc6
Status: Downloaded newer image for docker.io/zookeeper:latest
[root@iz2zedg4ylq9iqtwm11wecz ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY                                                             TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
docker.io/zookeeper                                                    latest              c83b9da01e73        2 days ago          270 MB
registry.cn-shenzhen.aliyuncs.com/wuyujitang/dockerimages_wuyujitang   v11.1               55e93b69ba15        2 months ago        667 MB
docker.io/nginx                                                        latest              d1a364dc548d        2 months ago        133 MB
docker.io/tomcat                                                       latest              c43a65faae57        3 months ago        667 MB
docker.io/redis                                                        latest              bc8d70f9ef6c        3 months ago        105 MB

4.3、docker run 镜像名（运行得到一个容器）

[root@iz2zedg4ylq9iqtwm11wecz ~]# docker run -p 2181:2181 --name myzk -d c83b9da01e73
fdf44d05a275ab198f84aeeb95060f17d2d680aed7a1d975c199e335ec4c3751

4.4、启动并打开zk容器

[root@iz2zedg4ylq9iqtwm11wecz ~]# docker start myzk
myzk
[root@iz2zedg4ylq9iqtwm11wecz ~]# docker exec -it myzk /bin/bash
root@fdf44d05a275:/apache-zookeeper-3.7.0-bin#

4.5、运行zk

root@fdf44d05a275:/apache-zookeeper-3.7.0-bin# cd bin
root@fdf44d05a275:/apache-zookeeper-3.7.0-bin/bin# ./zkCli.sh

测试：

[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 0] ls /
[zookeeper]
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 1]

4.6、外部访问

放行阿里云端口
放行服务器内部端口

# 查看防火墙是否运行
[root@iz2zedg4ylq9iqtwm11wecz ~]# firewall-cmd --state
running
# 查询端口号是否放行
[root@iz2zedg4ylq9iqtwm11wecz ~]# firewall-cmd --query-port=8080/tcp
yes
[root@iz2zedg4ylq9iqtwm11wecz ~]# firewall-cmd --query-port=2181/tcp
no 
# 放行端口号， --zone=public 放行类型（public 全部人）port=2181/tcp（放行的端口号：和协议类型） --permanent（永久生效，重启服务器也生效）
[root@iz2zedg4ylq9iqtwm11wecz ~]# firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=2181/tcp --permanent
success
# 重新启动防火墙，
[root@iz2zedg4ylq9iqtwm11wecz ~]# systemctl restart firewalld.service
# 重新加载防火墙配置
[root@iz2zedg4ylq9iqtwm11wecz ~]# firewall-cmd --reload
success
[root@iz2zedg4ylq9iqtwm11wecz ~]# firewall-cmd --query-port=2181/tcp
yes
[root@iz2zedg4ylq9iqtwm11wecz ~]#