43.基于注解配置SpringMVC

基于注解配置SpringMVC

创建初始化类，代替web.xml

在Servlet3.0环境中，容器会在类路径中查找实现javax.servlet.ServletContainerInitializer接口的类

• 如果找到的话就用它来配置Servlet容器。 Spring提供了这个接口的实现，名为 SpringServletContainerInitializer，这个类反过来又会查找实现WebApplicationInitializer的类并将配置的任务交给它们来完成
• Spring3.2引入了一个便利的WebApplicationInitializer基础实现，名为
  AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer，当我们的类扩展了
  AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer并将其部署到Servlet3.0容器的时候，容器会自
  动发现它，并用它来配置Servlet上下文

package com.atguigu.SpringMVC;

import org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.support.AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer;

import javax.servlet.Filter;
//代替web.xml
public class WebInit extends AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer {
    @Override
    //设置一个配置类，代替Spring的配置文件
    protected Class<?>[] getRootConfigClasses() {
        return new Class[]{SpringConfig.class};
    }

    @Override
    //设置一个配置类，代替SpringMVC的配置文件
    protected Class<?>[] getServletConfigClasses() {
        return new Class[]{SpringMVCConfig.class};
    }

    @Override
    //设置SpringMVC的前端控制DispatcherServlet的url-pattern
    protected String[] getServletMappings() {
        return new String[]{"/"};
    }

    @Override
    //设置SpringMVC的编码过滤器
    protected Filter[] getServletFilters() {
        CharacterEncodingFilter characterEncodingFilter = new CharacterEncodingFilter();
        //设置请求的编码方式
        characterEncodingFilter.setEncoding("UTF-8");
        //设置响应的编码
        characterEncodingFilter.setForceEncoding(true);
        return super.getServletFilters();
    }
}

创建WebConfig配置类，代替SpringMVC的配置文件

package com.atguigu.SpringMVC;

import com.atguigu.SpringMVC.interceptor.FirstInterceptor;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoader;
import org.springframework.web.context.WebApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerExceptionResolver;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ViewResolver;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.*;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleMappingExceptionResolver;
import org.thymeleaf.spring5.SpringTemplateEngine;
import org.thymeleaf.spring5.view.ThymeleafViewResolver;
import org.thymeleaf.templatemode.TemplateMode;
import org.thymeleaf.templateresolver.ITemplateResolver;
import org.thymeleaf.templateresolver.ServletContextTemplateResolver;

import java.util.List;
import java.util.Properties;

/**
 * 扫描组件、视图解析器、默认的servlet、mvc注解驱动
 * 视图控制器、文件上传解析器、拦截器、异常解析器
 */
@Configuration //将类标识为配置类
@ComponentScan("com.atguigu.SpringMVC") //扫描组件
@EnableWebMvc //开启mvc注解驱动
public class SpringMVCConfig implements WebMvcConfigurer {
    @Override
    //默认的servlet处理静态资源
    public void configureDefaultServletHandling(DefaultServletHandlerConfigurer configurer) {
        configurer.enable();
    }

    @Override
    //配置视图控制器
    public void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) {
        registry.addViewController("/").setViewName("index");
    }

    @Bean
    //将标识的方法的返回值作为bean进行管理，bean的id为方法的方法名，这里方法返回文件上传解析器
    public CommonsMultipartResolver multipartResolver(){
        return new CommonsMultipartResolver();
    }

    @Override
    public void addInterceptors(InterceptorRegistry registry) {
        FirstInterceptor firstInterceptor = new FirstInterceptor();
        //拦截"/**"，不拦截"/hello"(因为对应的视图控制器有数学运算异常，会触发异常处理)
        registry.addInterceptor(firstInterceptor).addPathPatterns("/**").excludePathPatterns("/hello");
    }

    @Override
    //配置异常解析器
    public void configureHandlerExceptionResolvers(List<HandlerExceptionResolver> resolvers) {
        SimpleMappingExceptionResolver exceptionResolver = new SimpleMappingExceptionResolver();
        Properties prop = new Properties();
        prop.setProperty("java.lang.ArithmeticException","error");
        exceptionResolver.setExceptionMappings(prop);
        exceptionResolver.setExceptionAttribute("ex");
        resolvers.add(exceptionResolver);
    }

    /**
     * 配置视图解析器
     */

    //配置生成模板解析器
    @Bean
    public ITemplateResolver templateResolver() {
        WebApplicationContext webApplicationContext = ContextLoader.getCurrentWebApplicationContext();
        // ServletContextTemplateResolver需要一个ServletContext作为构造参数，可通过WebApplicationContext的方法获得
        ServletContextTemplateResolver templateResolver = new ServletContextTemplateResolver(webApplicationContext.getServletContext());
        templateResolver.setPrefix("/WEB-INF/templates/");
        templateResolver.setSuffix(".html");
        templateResolver.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
        templateResolver.setTemplateMode(TemplateMode.HTML);
        return templateResolver;
    }
    //生成模板引擎并为模板引擎注入模板解析器
    @Bean
    public SpringTemplateEngine templateEngine(ITemplateResolver templateResolver) {
        SpringTemplateEngine templateEngine = new SpringTemplateEngine();
        templateEngine.setTemplateResolver(templateResolver);
        return templateEngine;
    }
    //生成视图解析器并未解析器注入模板引擎
    @Bean
    public ViewResolver viewResolver(SpringTemplateEngine templateEngine) {
        ThymeleafViewResolver viewResolver = new ThymeleafViewResolver();
        viewResolver.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
        viewResolver.setTemplateEngine(templateEngine);
        return viewResolver;
    }
}

创建SpringConfig配置类，代替spring的配置文件

package com.atguigu.SpringMVC;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

@Configuration //将类标识为配置类
public class SpringConfig {
    //ssm整合之后，spring的配置信息写在此类中
}