IO模型——IO多路复用
在无法用多进程多线程,以及要降低并发量的情况下,可以选择用IO多路复用;
允许同时对多个IO进行操作,内核一旦发现进程执行一个或多个IO事件,会通知该进程。
进程中如果同时需要处理多路输入输出流时,可以使用IO多路复用。
select
select 服务器·
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/select.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#define PORT 6666
#define IP "192.168.31.90"
int main(int argc, const char *argv[])
{
int s_res = 0;
ssize_t res = 0;
char buff[128] = "";
int acceptfd;
struct sockaddr_in cin;
socklen_t addrlen = sizeof(cin);
struct sockaddr_in save_cin[1024 - 4]; //存客户端信息
int sfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0); //创建套接字
if (sfd < 0)
{
perror("socket");
return -1;
}
//允许端口快速重用
int reuse = 1;
if (setsockopt(sfd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, &reuse, sizeof(reuse)) < 0)
{
perror("setsockopt");
return -1;
}
//填充地址信息结构体
struct sockaddr_in sin;
sin.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(IP);
sin.sin_family = AF_INET;
sin.sin_port = htons(PORT);
// bind
if (bind(sfd, (struct sockaddr *)&sin, sizeof(sin)) < 0)
{
perror("bind");
return -1;
}
// Listen
if (listen(sfd, 10) < 0)
{
perror("listen");
return -1;
}
fd_set readfds; //创建一个读集合
fd_set tempfds; //用于清除
//清空集合
FD_ZERO(&readfds);
FD_ZERO(&tempfds);
//将需要的文件描述符添加到集合中
FD_SET(0, &readfds);
FD_SET(sfd, &readfds);
int max_fd = sfd; //最大文件描述符
while (1)
{
tempfds = readfds;
s_res = select(max_fd + 1, &tempfds, NULL, NULL, NULL);
if (s_res < 0)
{
perror("select");
return -1;
}
for (int i = 0; i < max_fd + 1; i++)
{
if (FD_ISSET(i, &tempfds) == 0)
{
continue;
}
//程序能运行到这,代表在集合中
if (0 == i)
{
printf("触发输入事件\n");
int sendfd;
res = scanf("%d%s", &sendfd, buff);
while (getchar() != 10)
;
if (res != 2)
{
printf("请输入正确格式:文件描述符 内容\n");
continue;
}
if (strcmp(buff, "quit") == 0)
{
exit(0);
}
if (sendfd > sfd && FD_ISSET(sendfd, &readfds)) //判断文件描述符是否正确,且存在集合里
{
if (send(sendfd, buff, sizeof(buff),0) < 0)
{
perror("send");
return -1;
}
}
else
{
fprintf(stderr, "没有对应客户端\n");
}
}
else if (sfd == i)
{
printf("触发连接事件\n");
// accept
acceptfd = accept(sfd, (struct sockaddr *)&cin, &addrlen);
if (acceptfd < 0)
{
perror("accept");
return -1;
}
printf("[%s:%d]acceptfd=%d 连接成功\n", inet_ntoa(cin.sin_addr), ntohs(cin.sin_port), acceptfd);
save_cin[acceptfd - 4] = cin;
//将acceptfd放入集合
FD_SET(acceptfd, &readfds);
//更新max_fd
max_fd = max_fd > acceptfd ? max_fd : acceptfd;
}
else
{
printf("触发客户端交互事件\n");
bzero(buff, sizeof(buff));
res = recv(i, buff, sizeof(buff), 0);
if (res < 0)
{
perror("recv");
return -1;
}
else if (0 == res)
{
printf("[%s:%d] acceptfd=%d客户端断开连接\n", inet_ntoa(save_cin[i - 4].sin_addr), ntohs(save_cin[i - 4].sin_port), i);
close(i);
FD_CLR(i, &readfds); //从集合中剔除
for (int j = max_fd + 1; j > 0; j++)
{
if (FD_ISSET(i, &readfds))
{
max_fd = j;
break;
}
}
}
else
{
printf("[%s:%d] acceptfd=%d :%s\n", inet_ntoa(save_cin[i - 4].sin_addr), ntohs(save_cin[i - 4].sin_port), i, buff);
}
}
}
}
close(sfd);
return 0;
}
select 客户端
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/select.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
#include <string.h>
#define PORT 6666
#define IP "192.168.31.90"
int main(int argc, const char *argv[])
{
ssize_t res=0;
int s_res=0;
char buff[128]="";
int sfd =socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,0);
if(sfd<0)
{
perror("socket");
return -1;
}
struct sockaddr_in sin;
sin.sin_addr.s_addr=inet_addr(IP);
sin.sin_family=AF_INET;
sin.sin_port=htons(PORT);
if(connect(sfd,(struct sockaddr*)&sin,sizeof(sin))<0)
{
perror("connect");
return -1;
}
//创建读集合
fd_set readfd;
fd_set tempfd;
//清空集合
FD_ZERO(&readfd);
FD_ZERO(&tempfd);
//添加到集合中
FD_SET(0,&readfd);
FD_SET(sfd,&readfd);
int max_fd=sfd;
//循环监测是否有事件产生
while (1)
{
tempfd=readfd;
s_res=select(max_fd+1,&tempfd,NULL,NULL,NULL);
if(s_res<0)
{
perror("select");
return -1;
}
for(int i=0;i<max_fd+1;i++)
{
if(FD_ISSET(i,&tempfd)==0)
{
continue;
}
if(0==i)
{
bzero(buff,sizeof(buff));
fgets(buff,sizeof(buff),stdin);
buff[strlen(buff)-1]=0;
if(send(sfd,buff,sizeof(buff),0)<0)
{
perror("send");
return -1;
}
}
if(sfd==i)
{
bzero(buff,sizeof(buff));
res=recv(i,buff,sizeof(buff),0);
if(res<0)
{
perror("recv");
return -1;
}
else if(0==res)
{
printf("服务器断开连接\n");
max_fd=0;
close(sfd);
return -1;
}
else
{
printf("%s\n",buff);
}
}
}
}
return 0;
}
poll
poll 客户端
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <poll.h>
#include <string.h>
#define PORT 6666
#define IP "192.168.31.90"
int main(int argc, const char *argv[])
{
ssize_t res=0;
int pres=0;
char buff[128]="";
int sfd =socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,0);
if(sfd<0)
{
perror("socket");
return -1;
}
struct sockaddr_in sin;
sin.sin_addr.s_addr=inet_addr(IP);
sin.sin_family=AF_INET;
sin.sin_port=htons(PORT);
if(connect(sfd,(struct sockaddr*)&sin,sizeof(sin))<0)
{
perror("connect");
return -1;
}
//创建集合
struct pollfd fds[2];
//将需要监测的文件描述符以及事件添加到集合中
fds[0].fd=0;
fds[0].events=POLLIN;
fds[1].fd=sfd;
fds[1].events=POLLIN;
//循环监测文件描述符
//哪个准备好就处理哪个
while (1)
{
pres=poll(fds,2,-1);
if(pres<0)
{
perror("poll");
return -1;
}
if(0==pres)
{
printf("time out...\n");
break;
}
//运行到这说明有事件发生
if(fds[0].revents&POLLIN)
{
bzero(buff,sizeof(buff));
fgets(buff,sizeof(buff),stdin);
buff[strlen(buff)-1]=0;
if(send(sfd,buff,sizeof(buff),0)<0)
{
perror("send");
return -1;
}
}
if(fds[1].revents&POLLIN)
{
res=recv(sfd,buff,sizeof(buff),0);
if(res<0)
{
perror("recv");
return -1;
}
else if(0==res)
{
printf("服务器断开连接\n");
break;
}
printf("%s\n",buff);
}
}
close(sfd);
return 0;
}