diff（）函数的用法（）

摘自matlab

diff Difference and approximate derivative.
diff(X), for a vector X, is [X(2)-X(1) X(3)-X(2) … X(n)-X(n-1)].
diff(X), for a matrix X, is the matrix of row differences,
[X(2:n,:) - X(1:n-1,:)].
diff(X), for an N-D array X, is the difference along the first
non-singleton dimension of X.
diff(X,N) is the N-th order difference along the first non-singleton
dimension (denote it by DIM). If N >= size(X,DIM), diff takes
successive differences along the next non-singleton dimension.
diff(X,N,DIM) is the Nth difference function along dimension DIM.
If N >= size(X,DIM), diff returns an empty array.

Examples:
   h = .001; x = 0:h:pi;
   diff(sin(x.^2))/h is an approximation to 2*cos(x.^2).*x
   diff((1:10).^2) is 3:2:19

   If X = [3 7 5
           0 9 2]
   then diff(X,1,1) is [-3 2 -3], diff(X,1,2) is [4 -2
                                                  9 -7],
   diff(X,2,2) is the 2nd order difference along the dimension 2, and
   diff(X,3,2) is the empty matrix.

用法（翻译）

• diff：求差和求导
• diff(X)：对于一个向量来说，diff(X)就是 [X(2)-X(1) X(3)-X(2) … X(n)-X(n-1)] >>>>此时这个向量的维数是n-1维。对于一个矩阵来说，结果是：[X(2:n,:) - X(1:n-1,:)]；对于一个N*D的矩阵，结果是后一行减前一行的差值。
• diff(X,N) ：相当于N阶行差分，也就是相当于做N次diff（x），如果N大于x的行数，则最终会成为一个[]。>>空单个元素的矩阵
• diff(X,N,DIM) ：做N次差分。DIM是方向。>>DIM=1表示行差分；DIM=2表示列差分。
• 总结：
  diff（x）= diff（x，1）=diff（x，1，1）；