spring boot 中使用JPA

1、在pom.xml文件中，添加对JPA、JDBC、mysql等依赖

		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jdbc</artifactId>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>mysql</groupId>
			<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
			<scope>runtime</scope>
		</dependency>

2、编写application.yml (application.xml)配置文件

spring:
  datasource:
    username: root
    password: 123456
    url: jdbc:mysql://192.168.1.155/jpa
    driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
  jpa:
    hibernate:
      ddl-auto: update  #更新或者创建数据表结构
    show-sql: true    #显示SQL语句

3、创建实体类

@Entity
@Table(name = "table_user")
public class User {
    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
    private Integer id;
    @Column(name = "user_name" ,length = 30)
    private String name;
    private Integer age;
    
    //...get/set方法省略
}

注解说明：

        使用@Entity注解，标注这个类是一个实体类，对应数据库中的一张表

        使用@Table注解，给表命名，可以省略，默认为类名小写

        使用@Id注解，表明该属性为主键，配合@GeneratedValue注解，可以配置主键生成策略

        使用@Column注解，可以配置列相关属性（列名，长度等），可以省略，默认为属性名小写

4、创建接口，继承JpaRepository接口，只需要声明即可

public interface UserRepository extends JpaRepository<User,Integer> {
}

        在泛型参数中，第一个泛型参数为对应的实体类，第二个参数为主键属性的类型

5、编写controller测试

@RestController
public class UserController {

    @Autowired
    private UserRepository userRepository;

    @GetMapping("/user/get/{id}")
    public User getUserById(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
        User user = null;
        user = userRepository.findById(id).get();
        //user = userRepository.getOne(id);
        return user;
    }

    @GetMapping("/user/all")
    public List<User> getUserAll(){
        return userRepository.findAll();
    }

    @GetMapping("/user")
    public List<User> insertUser(User user){
        userRepository.save(user);
        return userRepository.findAll();
    }
}

6、遇到的问题（尚未解决）

测试代码：

    @GetMapping("/user/get/{id}")
    public User getUserById(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
        User user = null;
        //user = userRepository.findById(id).get();
        user = userRepository.getOne(id);
        return user;
    }    

控制台信息：

Hibernate: select user0_.id as id1_0_0_, user0_.age as age2_0_0_, user0_.user_name as user_nam3_0_0_ from table_user user0_ where user0_.id=?
2018-11-06 16:01:53.560 ERROR 11692 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] o.a.c.c.C.[.[.[/].[dispatcherServlet]    : Servlet.service() for servlet [dispatcherServlet] in context with path [] threw exception [Request processing failed; nested exception is org.springframework.http.converter.HttpMessageConversionException: Type definition error: [simple type, class org.hibernate.proxy.pojo.bytebuddy.ByteBuddyInterceptor]; nested exception is com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.exc.InvalidDefinitionException: No serializer found for class org.hibernate.proxy.pojo.bytebuddy.ByteBuddyInterceptor and no properties discovered to create BeanSerializer (to avoid exception, disable SerializationFeature.FAIL_ON_EMPTY_BEANS) (through reference chain: me.xf.dataJPA.entity.User$HibernateProxy$Q0VHZtxA["hibernateLazyInitializer"])] with root cause

com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.exc.InvalidDefinitionException: No serializer found for class org.hibernate.proxy.pojo.bytebuddy.ByteBuddyInterceptor and no properties discovered to create BeanSerializer (to avoid exception, disable SerializationFeature.FAIL_ON_EMPTY_BEANS) (through reference chain: me.xf.dataJPA.entity.User$HibernateProxy$Q0VHZtxA["hibernateLazyInitializer"])
	at com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.exc.InvalidDefinitionException.from(InvalidDefinitionException.java:77) ~[jackson-databind-2.9.7.jar:2.9.7]
	at com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.SerializerProvider.reportBadDefinition(SerializerProvider.java:1191) ~[jackson-databind-2.9.7.jar:2.9.7]
	at com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.DatabindContext.reportBadDefinition(DatabindContext.java:313) ~[jackson-databind-2.9.7.jar:2.9.7]
	at com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ser.impl.UnknownSerializer.failForEmpty(UnknownSerializer.java:71) ~[jackson-databind-2.9.7.jar:2.9.7]

        SQL语句已经正常打印输出，控制台后续报错：类型定义错误，没有为类找到序列化程序。

        使用findById(id).get()方法可以得到期望的User对象，findById()方法，其返回值是一个Optional<T>，Optional类是一个可以为null的容器对象，Optional 类的引入很好的解决空指针异常问题，然后调用它的get方法，可以获取到存入容器中的对象。