Ribbon是什么
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Spring Cloud Ribbon 是基于Netflix Ribbon实现的一套客户端负载均衡的工具
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简单来说,Ribbon是Netflix发布的开源项目,主要的功能是提供客户端的软件负载均衡的算法,将Netflix的中间层服务连接在一起,Ribbon的客户端组件提供的一系列完整的配置项,如:连接超时、重试等等,简单来说,就是在配置文件中LoadBalancer(简称LB:负载均衡)后面所有的机器,Ribbon会自动的帮助你基于某种规则(如简单轮询、随机连接等等)去连接这些机器,我们也很容易使用Ribbon实现自定的负载均衡算法
Ribbon能干嘛?
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LB,即负载均衡(Load Balance),在微服务或分布式集群中经常使用的一种应用
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负载就很简单来说就是将用户的请求平摊的分配到多个服务,从而达到系统的HA(高可用)
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常见的负载均衡软件有Nginx、LVS等等
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Dubbo、SpringCloud中均给我们提供负载均衡,SpringCloud的负载算法可以自定义
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负载均衡的简单分类
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集中式LB
- 即在服务的消费方和提供方之间使用独立的LB设施,如Nginx:反向代理服务器,由该设施复杂把访问请求通过某种策略转发至服务端的提供方
-
进程式LB
- 将LB逻辑继承到消费方,消费方从服务注册中心(Eureka)获知有哪些地址可用,如何自己再从这些地址选出一个合适的服务器
- Ribbon就属于进程内LB,它只是一个类库,集成与消费方进程,消费方通过它来获取服务提供方的地址
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Ribbon负载均衡只能在服务消费端(springcloud-consumer-dept-80项目):
1、导入依赖
<!--Ribbon负载均衡-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-ribbon</artifactId>
<version>1.4.7.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<!--Eureka客户端-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
<version>1.4.7.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
2、配置文件application.yml
server:
port: 80
eureka:
client:
register-with-eureka: false #不向Eureka注册自己
service-url:
# eureka7001.com、eureka7002.com、eureka7003.com是本地主机的名称,7001,7002,7003是Eureka集群的端口(服务注册中心)
defaultZone: http://eureka7001.com:7001/eureka/,http://eureka7002.com:7002/eureka/,http://eureka7003.com:7003/eureka/
3、启动Eureka Client
//Ribbon和Eureka 整合之后,客户端就可以直接调用,不用关心IP地址和端口
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaClient
public class DeptConsumer_80 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(DeptConsumer_80.class,args);
}
}
4、配置类
package com.springcloud.config;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalanced;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
@Configuration//相当于spring中的SpringContext.xml
public class ConfigBean {
//配置负载均衡实现RestTemplate
@Bean
@LoadBalanced //实现负载均衡Ribbon
public RestTemplate getRestTemplate(){
return new RestTemplate();
}
}
Controller层:
package com.springcloud.controller;
import com.kuangshen.springcloud.pojo.Dept;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
import java.util.List;
@RestController
public class DeptConsumerController {
/***
* 理解消费者不应该有消费层
* RestTemplate我们直接调用即可,注册到Spring中
*/
@Autowired
private RestTemplate restTemplate;//提供多种便捷的访问远程服务的方法,简单的Restful服务,模板
//Ribbon,我们这里的地址应该是一个变量,应该通过服务名来访问
//private final static String REST_URL_PREFIX="http://localhost:8001/dept/";
private final static String REST_URL_PREFIX="http://SPRINGCLOUD-PROVIDER-DEPT/dept/";
@PostMapping("/consumer/dept/add")
public boolean addDept(Dept dept){
return restTemplate.postForObject(REST_URL_PREFIX+"add",dept,boolean.class);
}
@GetMapping("/consumer/dept/{id}")
public Dept queryById(@PathVariable("id") Long id){
return restTemplate.getForObject(REST_URL_PREFIX+"get/"+id,Dept.class);
}
@GetMapping("/consumer/dept/list")
public List<Dept> queryAll(){
return restTemplate.getForObject(REST_URL_PREFIX+"list",List.class);
}
}
Ribbon测试
先创建3个数据库db01、db02、db03,搭建3个服务提供者,
springcloud-provider-dept-8001项目
导入依赖
<dependencies>
<!--导入Eureka-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
<version>1.4.7.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<!--完善actuator监控信息-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!--我们需要拿到实体类,所以配置API Module-->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.kuangshen</groupId>
<artifactId>springcloud-api</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>druid</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>
<artifactId>logback-core</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!--test-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-test</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!--jetty:应用服务器-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jetty</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!--热部署:就是修改完代码,不用重启项目,只需要刷新页面即可-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
配置资源文件
application.yml
server:
port: 8001
#mybatis配置
mybatis:
type-aliases-package: com.kuangshen.springcloud.pojo
config-location: classpath:mybatis/mybatis-config.xml
mapper-locations: classpath:mybatis/mapper/*.xml
#Spring的配置
spring:
application:
name: springcloud-provider-dept
datasource:
type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource
driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/db01?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8
username: root
password: 1554289942
#Eureka配置,服务注册到哪里
eureka:
client:
service-url:
defaultZone: http://eureka7001.com:7001/eureka/,http://eureka7002.com:7002/eureka/,http://eureka7003.com:7003/eureka/
instance:
instance-id: springcloud-provide-dept8001 #修改Eureka上的默认描述
#info配置信息:访问地址:http://localhost:8001/actuator/info
info:
app.name: kuangshen-springcloud
company.name: blog.kuangshenstudy.com
mybatis-config.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE configuration PUBLIC
"-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
<configuration>
<settings>
<!--开启二级缓存,默认是开启的-->
<setting name="cacheEnabled" value="true"/>
</settings>
</configuration>
DeptMappper.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.kuangshen.springcloud.dao.DeptDao">
<insert id="addDept" parameterType="Dept">
insert into dept(dname,db_source) values (#{dname},DATABASE());
</insert>
<select id="queryById" resultType="Dept" parameterType="Long">
select * from dept where deptno=#{deptno};
</select>
<select id="queryAll" resultType="Dept">
select * from dept;
</select>
</mapper>
配置类
Dao层:
@Mapper //使用@mapper后,不需要在spring配置中设置扫描地址,通过mapper.xml里面的namespace属性对应相关的mapper类,spring将动态的生成Bean后注入到ServiceImpl中。
@Repository //@repository则需要在Spring中配置扫描包地址,然后生成dao层的bean,之后被注入到ServiceImpl中
public interface DeptDao {
//增加数据
boolean addDept(Dept dept);
//通过id查询
Dept queryById(Long id);
//查询所有
List<Dept> queryAll();
}
Service层:
public interface DeptService {
//增加数据
boolean addDept(Dept dept);
//通过id查询
Dept queryById(Long id);
//查询所有
List<Dept> queryAll();
}
@Service
public class DeptServiceImpl implements DeptService {
@Autowired
private DeptDao deptDao;
@Override
public boolean addDept(Dept dept) {
return deptDao.addDept(dept);
}
@Override
public Dept queryById(Long id) {
return deptDao.queryById(id);
}
@Override
public List<Dept> queryAll() {
return deptDao.queryAll();
}
}
Controller层:
//提供Restful服务
@RestController
public class DeptController {
@Autowired
private DeptService deptService;
//获取一些配置信息,得到具体的微服务
@Autowired
private DiscoveryClient discoveryClient;
@PostMapping("/dept/add")
public boolean addDept(Dept dept){
return deptService.addDept(dept);
}
@GetMapping("/dept/get/{id}")
public Dept queryById(@PathVariable("id") Long id){
return deptService.queryById(id);
}
@GetMapping("/dept/list")
public List<Dept> queryAll(){
return deptService.queryAll();
}
//注册进来的微服务,获取一些信息
@GetMapping("/")
public Object discovery(){
//获取微服务列表的清单
List<String> services = discoveryClient.getServices();
System.out.println("service="+services);
//得多一个具体的微服务信息,通过具体的微服务id
List<ServiceInstance> instances = discoveryClient.getInstances("SPRINGCLOUD-PROVIDER-DEPT");
for (ServiceInstance instance : instances) {
System.out.println(
instance.getHost()+"\t"+
instance.getPort()+"\t"+
instance.getUri()+"\t"+
instance.getInstanceId()
);
}
return this.discoveryClient;
}
}
启动类:
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaClient //在服务启动后自动注册到Eureka中
@EnableDiscoveryClient //开启发现服务
public class DeptProvider_8001 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(DeptProvider_8001.class,args);
}
}
springcloud-provider-dept-8002项目
该项目和springcloud-provider-dept-8001项目其它的都一样,需要修改的地方:application.yml中服务端口和数据库,还有主入口的类名。
server:
port: 8002
#mybatis配置
mybatis:
type-aliases-package: com.kuangshen.springcloud.pojo
config-location: classpath:mybatis/mybatis-config.xml
mapper-locations: classpath:mybatis/mapper/*.xml
#Spring的配置
spring:
application:
name: springcloud-provider-dept #3个服务一样的名称
datasource:
type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource
driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/db02?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8
username: root
password: 1554289942
#Eureka配置,服务注册到哪里
eureka:
client:
service-url:
defaultZone: http://eureka7001.com:7001/eureka/,http://eureka7002.com:7002/eureka/,http://eureka7003.com:7003/eureka/
instance:
instance-id: springcloud-provide-dept8002 #修改Eureka上的默认描述
#info配置信息:访问地址:http://localhost:8001/actuator/info
info:
app.name: kuangshen-springcloud
company.name: blog.kuangshenstudy.com
springcloud-provider-dept-8003项目
该项目和springcloud-provider-dept-8001项目其它的都一样,需要修改的地方:application.yml中服务端口和数据库,还有主入口的类名。
server:
port: 8003
#mybatis配置
mybatis:
type-aliases-package: com.kuangshen.springcloud.pojo
config-location: classpath:mybatis/mybatis-config.xml
mapper-locations: classpath:mybatis/mapper/*.xml
#Spring的配置
spring:
application:
name: springcloud-provider-dept
datasource:
type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource
driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/db03?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8
username: root
password: 1554289942
#Eureka配置,服务注册到哪里
eureka:
client:
service-url:
defaultZone: http://eureka7001.com:7001/eureka/,http://eureka7002.com:7002/eureka/,http://eureka7003.com:7003/eureka/
instance:
instance-id: springcloud-provide-dept8003 #修改Eureka上的默认描述
#info配置信息:访问地址:http://localhost:8001/actuator/info
info:
app.name: kuangshen-springcloud
company.name: blog.kuangshenstudy.com
这样实现每个服务提供者绑定不同的数据库,启动3个服务提供者,3个注册中心(也可能电脑只能启动一个注册中心),启动服务消费者
在网页地址栏上输入http://localhost/consumer/dept/list
发现网页上的json格式的数据,其中数据库名db01、db02、db03是轮询的,说明使用Ribbon负载均衡算法。
Ribbon:自定义负载均衡算法
自定义负载算法配置类不在启动类(主入口)的当前包及以下的包。
配置类:
package com.springcloud.config;
import com.netflix.loadbalancer.IRule;
import com.netflix.loadbalancer.RandomRule;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalanced;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
@Configuration//相当于spring中的SpringContext.xml
public class ConfigBean {
//配置负载均衡实现RestTemplate
//IRule实现类
/**
* RoundRobinRule轮询
* RandomRule 随机查询
* AbstractLoadBalancerRule:会先过滤掉,跳闸,访问故障的服务,对身下的进行轮询
* RetryRule: 会现在轮询获取服务,如果服务失败,则会在指定的时间你进行,重试
* @return
*/
@Bean
@LoadBalanced //实现负载均衡Ribbon,默认是轮询
public RestTemplate getRestTemplate(){
return new RestTemplate();
}
@Bean
public IRule myRule(){
return new RandomRule();//随机的Ribbon的负载均衡算法
}
}
自定义负载均衡算法:
@Configuration
public class KuangRule {
@Bean
public IRule myRule(){
return new MyRandomRule();
}
}
package com.myrule;
import com.netflix.client.config.IClientConfig;
import com.netflix.loadbalancer.AbstractLoadBalancerRule;
import com.netflix.loadbalancer.ILoadBalancer;
import com.netflix.loadbalancer.Server;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.concurrent.ThreadLocalRandom;
public class MyRandomRule extends AbstractLoadBalancerRule {
/**
*每个服务访问5次,换下一个服务(3个服务)
*
* total=0,默认是0,如果是5,我们指向下一个服务节点
* index=0,默认是0,如果total=5,index+1
*/
private int total=0;//当前访问次数
private int currentIndex=0;//当前服务是谁
public Server choose(ILoadBalancer lb, Object key) {
if (lb == null) {
return null;
}
Server server = null;
while (server == null) {
if (Thread.interrupted()) {
return null;
}
List<Server> upList = lb.getReachableServers();//获取活着的服务
List<Server> allList = lb.getAllServers();//获取全部的服务
int serverCount = allList.size();
if (serverCount == 0) {
/*
* No servers. End regardless of pass, because subsequent passes
* only get more restrictive.
*/
return null;
}
// int index = chooseRandomInt(serverCount);//生成区间的随机数
// server = upList.get(index);//从活着的服务中,随机获取一个
//===============================================
if(total<5){
server= upList.get(currentIndex);//从活着的服务中,指定获取一个
total++;
}
else {
total=0;
currentIndex++;
if (currentIndex>=upList.size()){
System.out.println("upList.size()="+upList.size());
currentIndex=0;
}
server=upList.get(currentIndex);
}
//===============================================
if (server == null) {
/*
* The only time this should happen is if the server list were
* somehow trimmed. This is a transient condition. Retry after
* yielding.
*/
Thread.yield();
continue;
}
if (server.isAlive()) {
return (server);
}
// Shouldn't actually happen.. but must be transient or a bug.
server = null;
Thread.yield();
}
return server;
}
protected int chooseRandomInt(int serverCount) {
return ThreadLocalRandom.current().nextInt(serverCount);
}
@Override
public Server choose(Object key) {
return choose(getLoadBalancer(), key);
}
@Override
public void initWithNiwsConfig(IClientConfig clientConfig) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
}
}
启动主入口:
//Ribbon和Eureka 整合之后,客户端就可以直接调用,不用关心IP地址和端口
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaClient
//在微服务启动的时候加载我们自定义的Ribbon类
@RibbonClient(name = "SPRINGCLOUD-PROVIDER-DEPT",configuration = KuangRule.class)
public class DeptConsumer_80 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(DeptConsumer_80.class,args);
}
}
测试:启动三个服务提供者,一个注册中心,一个服务消费者。
地址栏:http://localhost/consumer/dept/list访问,可以实现每个服务访问5次,之后就访问下一个服务。