docker容器之初探--镜像

1.在linux下面安装docker容器

yum -y install docker
systemctl start docker
systemctl status docker

2.拉取docker镜像

docker pull ubuntu: 16.04

或者从仓库中下载容器

docker pull registry.hub.docker.com/ubuntu:latest

3.查看docker信息

[root@localhost ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY                               TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
docker.io/ubuntu                         16.04               dfeff22e96ae        6 days ago          131 MB
docker.io/ubuntu                         latest              9140108b62dc        4 weeks ago         72.9 MB
docker.io/microsoft/mssql-server-linux   latest              314918ddaedf        22 months ago       1.35 GB

查看镜像的详细信息

[root@localhost ~]# docker inspect dfeff22e96ae
[
    {
        "Id": "sha256:dfeff22e96ae3ad07737cd170c0af288948ce426dafdccad5640f991087adde4",
        "RepoTags": [
            "docker.io/ubuntu:16.04"
        ],
        "RepoDigests": [
            "docker.io/ubuntu@sha256:bb69f1a2b6c840b01eeffef07386e95a74ecac8bfa52d35c32fb526c85e00678"
        ],
        "Parent": "",
        "Comment": "",
        "Created": "2020-10-23T17:33:10.739469082Z",
        "Container": "bad92e996031e456b82ad9b96aa426882093d723bc45c9d7f31e03bcc010f81b",
        "ContainerConfig": {
            "Hostname": "bad92e996031",
            "Domainname": "",
            "User": "",
            "AttachStdin": false,
            "AttachStdout": false,
            "AttachStderr": false,
            "Tty": false,
            "OpenStdin": false,
            "StdinOnce": false,
            "Env": [
                "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
            ],
            "Cmd": [
                "/bin/sh",
                "-c",
                "#(nop) ",
                "CMD [\"/bin/bash\"]"
            ],
            "ArgsEscaped": true,
            "Image": "sha256:a6f2c57b656e1ca8b66f9d7eb8ea30844b5b4f0f7c4af787255fc4f8eb90df89",
            "Volumes": null,
            "WorkingDir": "",
            "Entrypoint": null,
            "OnBuild": null,
            "Labels": {}
        },
        "DockerVersion": "18.09.7",
        "Author": "",
        "Config": {
            "Hostname": "",
            "Domainname": "",
            "User": "",
            "AttachStdin": false,
            "AttachStdout": false,
            "AttachStderr": false,
            "Tty": false,
            "OpenStdin": false,
            "StdinOnce": false,
            "Env": [
                "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
            ],
            "Cmd": [
                "/bin/bash"
            ],
            "ArgsEscaped": true,
            "Image": "sha256:a6f2c57b656e1ca8b66f9d7eb8ea30844b5b4f0f7c4af787255fc4f8eb90df89",
            "Volumes": null,
            "WorkingDir": "",
            "Entrypoint": null,
            "OnBuild": null,
            "Labels": null
        },
        "Architecture": "amd64",
        "Os": "linux",
        "Size": 130563805,
        "VirtualSize": 130563805,
        "GraphDriver": {
            "Name": "overlay2",
            "Data": {
                "LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/3002e3fb69a2795e214c10d814612b8af627d0973d8d08e16b6d23647b65834c/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/229fb995e7c15b99d1e217b837917745fe0175e0f110a8e683744032c8dd38e6/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/99c1df897286b05578055b638d7348b794ee4686f12dd8ce54c417b5b2b726bb/diff",
                "MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/dc8e5876992205ab379f8767786d59c54614c8e5016c93ca064edf345d3fafd8/merged",
                "UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/dc8e5876992205ab379f8767786d59c54614c8e5016c93ca064edf345d3fafd8/diff",
                "WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/dc8e5876992205ab379f8767786d59c54614c8e5016c93ca064edf345d3fafd8/work"
            }
        },
        "RootFS": {
            "Type": "layers",
            "Layers": [
                "sha256:61727f5e6796a2d90ed9d0dc385a3c1a3b6ded69a5bc4709542a4f47e877ba03",
                "sha256:eff16de3ff6467c1bc2afd0bae39c7ee86725e42f6a3cfb691c7688767c89ed9",
                "sha256:62fdddf6a67c88f7d7f9f19c0ebd6651be77b93ce6d99ca67018df7714e775e3",
                "sha256:9edaa71ce2334d676da80820de71477b34b1e04078dfe0c2ca735f5d951a4c70"
            ]
        }
    }
]

4.搜寻镜像

[root@localhost ~]# docker search mysql
INDEX       NAME                                        DESCRIPTION                                     STARS     OFFICIAL   AUTOMATED
docker.io   docker.io/mysql                             MySQL is a widely used, open-source relati...   10115     [OK]       
docker.io   docker.io/mariadb                           MariaDB is a community-developed fork of M...   3715      [OK]       
docker.io   docker.io/mysql/mysql-server                Optimized MySQL Server Docker images. Crea...   739                  [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/percona                           Percona Server is a fork of the MySQL rela...   511       [OK]       
docker.io   docker.io/centos/mysql-57-centos7           MySQL 5.7 SQL database server                   84                   
docker.io   docker.io/mysql/mysql-cluster               Experimental MySQL Cluster Docker images. ...   77                   
docker.io   docker.io/centurylink/mysql                 Image containing mysql. Optimized to be li...   60                   [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/bitnami/mysql                     Bitnami MySQL Docker Image                      45                   [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/deitch/mysql-backup               REPLACED! Please use http://hub.docker.com...   41                   [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/tutum/mysql                       Base docker image to run a MySQL database ...   35                   
docker.io   docker.io/databack/mysql-backup             Back up mysql databases to... anywhere!         31                   
docker.io   docker.io/prom/mysqld-exporter                                                              31                   [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/schickling/mysql-backup-s3        Backup MySQL to S3 (supports periodic back...   29                   [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/linuxserver/mysql                 A Mysql container, brought to you by Linux...   26                   
docker.io   docker.io/centos/mysql-56-centos7           MySQL 5.6 SQL database server                   20                   
docker.io   docker.io/circleci/mysql                    MySQL is a widely used, open-source relati...   19                   
docker.io   docker.io/mysql/mysql-router                MySQL Router provides transparent routing ...   17                   
docker.io   docker.io/arey/mysql-client                 Run a MySQL client from a docker container      15                   [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/fradelg/mysql-cron-backup         MySQL/MariaDB database backup using cron t...   10                   [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/yloeffler/mysql-backup            This image runs mysqldump to backup data u...   7                    [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/openshift/mysql-55-centos7        DEPRECATED: A Centos7 based MySQL v5.5 ima...   6                    
docker.io   docker.io/devilbox/mysql                    Retagged MySQL, MariaDB and PerconaDB offi...   3                    
docker.io   docker.io/ansibleplaybookbundle/mysql-apb   An APB which deploys RHSCL MySQL                2                    [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/jelastic/mysql                    An image of the MySQL database server main...   1                    
docker.io   docker.io/widdpim/mysql-client              Dockerized MySQL Client (5.7) including Cu...   1                    [OK]

5.删除镜像

根据标签和仓库删除

[root@localhost ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY                               TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
docker.io/ubuntu                         16.04               dfeff22e96ae        6 days ago          131 MB
docker.io/ubuntu                         latest              9140108b62dc        4 weeks ago         72.9 MB
docker.io/microsoft/mssql-server-linux   latest              314918ddaedf        22 months ago       1.35 GB
[root@localhost ~]# docker rmi docker.io/ubuntu:latest
Untagged: docker.io/ubuntu:latest
Untagged: docker.io/ubuntu@sha256:bc2f7250f69267c9c6b66d7b6a81a54d3878bb85f1ebb5f951c896d13e6ba537
Deleted: sha256:9140108b62dc87d9b278bb0d4fd6a3e44c2959646eb966b86531306faa81b09b
Deleted: sha256:69ea0ba6086b4837bc259353a9dec7e6f7bcc9b8297b0f722387a114697e5691
Deleted: sha256:923b52e8276c042a8602849149a284ae77cccf4c688cc4284bf01ec9669a6e6c
Deleted: sha256:d42a4fdf4b2ae8662ff2ca1b695eae571c652a62973c1beb81a296a4f4263d92
[root@localhost ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY                               TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
docker.io/ubuntu                         16.04               dfeff22e96ae        6 days ago          131 MB
docker.io/microsoft/mssql-server-linux   latest              314918ddaedf        22 months ago       1.35 G

根据id删除

[root@localhost ~]# docker rmi 314918ddaedf
Untagged: docker.io/microsoft/mssql-server-linux:latest
Untagged: docker.io/microsoft/mssql-server-linux@sha256:9b700672670bb3db4b212e8aef841ca79eb2fce7d5975a5ce35b7129a9b90ec0
Deleted: sha256:314918ddaedfedc0345d3191546d800bd7f28bae180541c9b8b45776d322c8c2
Deleted: sha256:7137e6b5089a5be6f4158ea854662c1b698e0193cd5b45c0ffa3752576f7b905
Deleted: sha256:40bdc5bf2f299e4632d2aa0c5b708f2ce4abf5b2b90b51816e51c368ca90a5d1
Deleted: sha256:a688a4e16289df1bd4d247ea5cb7e1d0b47008cddee2c64b7ab302a9d1524034
Deleted: sha256:6f97564562534bd80e4f7293f8f39752525c02bd4a13754ba76e9c68d2c6e6ea
Deleted: sha256:ef572e1ba2ecca900f0ec3db00e997de12dd380ce3e360b5813fd75920232359
Deleted: sha256:98fc4d5421178c7be7d5718d2d44abba8053dc5c712e51658fe5b872675b4f7a
Deleted: sha256:7b2cc05dfd889e28234f8831c80ac20cf299d5bbebbbac013f8f7d2b7abc0d65
Deleted: sha256:6b0187d1cdff63eb5966ac72bf4ccd96150586c1409eb858bb98783f02018ee7
Deleted: sha256:644879075e24394efef8a7dddefbc133aad42002df6223cacf98bd1e3d5ddde2
[root@localhost ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
docker.io/ubuntu    16.04               dfeff22e96ae        6 days ago          131 MB

6.创建镜像

1.创建容器

[root@localhost ~]# docker run -ti docker.io/ubuntu:16.04 /bin/bash
root@3342aac99c76:/# touch test
root@3342aac99c76:/# exit
exit

2.根据容器创建镜像

[root@localhost ~]# docker commit -m "add a new file" -a "Docker Newbee" 3342aac99c76 test
sha256:75a83d0ffb4968213a6df436762fb4c1ddd1a6129292fff6af4cc6ac086638af
[root@localhost ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
test                latest              75a83d0ffb49        5 seconds ago       131 MB
docker.io/ubuntu    16.04               dfeff22e96ae        6 days ago          131 MB

或者采用如下命令

[root@localhost ~]# docker commit  3342aac99c76 test2

3.基于本地模板导入

cat ubuntu-14.04-x86_64-minimal.tar.gz | docker import - ubuntu:14.04

7.存出和载入镜像

存出镜像

[root@localhost ~]# docker save -o ubuntu_14.04.tar docker.io/ubuntu
[root@localhost ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg  ubuntu_14.04.tar

载入镜像

[root@localhost ~]# docker load --input ubuntu_14.04.tar 
Loaded image: docker.io/ubuntu:16.04

8.上传镜像

[root@localhost ~]# docker tag docker.io/ubuntu:16.04 1111111/test:latest
[root@localhost ~]# docker push 1111111/test:latest
The push refers to a repository [docker.io/user/test]
9edaa71ce233: Preparing 
62fdddf6a67c: Preparing 
eff16de3ff64: Preparing 
61727f5e6796: Preparing 
denied: requested access to the resource is denied

出错，此时需要登录私人账号，可以在docker的官网上申请账号，其地址为https://hub.docker.com/

[root@localhost ~]# docker login
Login with your Docker ID to push and pull images from Docker Hub. If you don't have a Docker ID, head over to https://hub.docker.com to create one.
Username: 1773570500
Password:

再次上传镜像

[root@localhost ~]# docker tag docker.io/ubuntu:16.04 1111111/mylocal:latest
[root@localhost ~]# docker push 11111111/mylocal:latest
The push refers to a repository [docker.io/1773570500/mylocal]
9edaa71ce233: Pushed 
62fdddf6a67c: Pushed 
eff16de3ff64: Pushed 
61727f5e6796: Pushed 
latest: digest: sha256:92b36e8a01defa1ed16c40d581f3b0482d4eaedbc63bfe074a7dd3bf100ba020 size: 1150

上传成功，可以在仓库中看到该容器。