docker容器之初探--容器

1.创建容器

1.创建未运行的docker容器

[root@localhost ~]# docker create -it docker.io/ubuntu:16.04
eb46bf95bcb8bc1d3ad6ab5d66ea8307892634976530eb44f1304218fa1e2058

启动docker容器

[root@localhost ~]# docker start eb46bf95bcb8
eb46bf95bcb8
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE                    COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
eb46bf95bcb8        docker.io/ubuntu:16.04   "/bin/bash"         2 minutes ago       Up 2 seconds                            amazing_euclid

2.新建并启动容器
运行脚本之后，容器终止

[root@localhost ~]# docker run docker.io/ubuntu:16.04 /bin/echo 'hello world'
hello world
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE                    COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS                     PORTS               NAMES
7599ffc4c0d4        docker.io/ubuntu:16.04   "/bin/echo 'hello ..."   7 seconds ago       Exited (0) 6 seconds ago                       pensive_morse
eb46bf95bcb8        docker.io/ubuntu:16.04   "/bin/bash"              4 minutes ago       Up 2 minutes                                   amazing_euclid

涉及到的操作有
1)检查本地是否有存在的指定的镜像，如果没有则从公有仓库中拉取
2)利用镜像创建并启动一个容器
3)分配一个文件系统，并在只读的镜像层外面挂载一层可读写层
4)从宿主主机配置的网桥接口中桥接一个虚拟接口到容器中(所以需要主机网管冲突之类的问题)
5)执行用户指定的应用程序
6)执行完毕后容器被终止

2.终止容器运行

[root@localhost ~]# docker stop 828bb9e8bae6 
828bb9e8bae6

3.查看所有容器信息

[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE                    COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS                     PORTS               NAMES
3e1866de1b95        docker.io/ubuntu:16.04   "/bin/bash"         3 minutes ago       Exited (0) 2 minutes ago                       friendly_curie

4.进入docker容器

attcah命令

[root@localhost ~]# docker run -idt docker.io/ubuntu:16.04
420363ba20404168da9280827759d14abd472d71622ef17ee2dbd83beb92fe59
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE                    COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
420363ba2040        docker.io/ubuntu:16.04   "/bin/bash"         5 seconds ago       Up 4 seconds                            dazzling_bardeen

命令不方便
2.exec命令

[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE                    COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
420363ba2040        docker.io/ubuntu:16.04   "/bin/bash"         3 minutes ago       Up 3 minutes                            dazzling_bardeen
[root@localhost ~]# docker exec -it 420363ba2040 /bin/bash

5.删除容器

[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE                    COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
d45a5aa6ff1a        docker.io/ubuntu:16.04   "/bin/bash"         9 minutes ago       Up 9 minutes                            heuristic_snyder
420363ba2040        docker.io/ubuntu:16.04   "/bin/bash"         46 minutes ago      Up 46 minutes                           dazzling_bardeen
[root@localhost ~]# docker rm -f d45a5aa6ff1a
d45a5aa6ff1a
[root@localhost ~]# docker rm -f 420363ba2040
420363ba2040

6.容器的导入的导出

导出容器

[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE                    COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS                      PORTS               NAMES
9eaf6a8fe592        docker.io/ubuntu:16.04   "/bin/bash"         23 seconds ago      Exited (0) 23 seconds ago                       eager_nightingale
3e1866de1b95        docker.io/ubuntu:16.04   "/bin/bash"         57 minutes ago      Exited (0) 56 minutes ago                       friendly_curie
[root@localhost ~]# docker export 9eaf6a8fe592 >test_for_run.tar

容器导出称为镜像

[root@localhost ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg  test_for_run.tar  ubuntu_14.04.tar
[root@localhost ~]# cat test_for_run.tar | docker import - test/ubuntu:16.04
sha256:078b3bd6397c5ae6e8fb47bbd08e00cdad27facb76460485116bfa1068b4e625
[root@localhost ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
test/ubuntu         16.04               078b3bd6397c        7 seconds ago       85.9 MB
docker.io/ubuntu    16.04               dfeff22e96ae        6 days ago          131 MB