docker常用命令使用说明
1.1 软件环境
Ubuntu 16.04.4 LTS (GNU/Linux 4.4.0-116-generic x86_64)
1.2 安装docker软件
zhangsan@gongsi:~$ sudo apt install docker.io
[sudo] password for zhangsan:
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following additional packages will be installed:
bridge-utils cgroupfs-mount ubuntu-fan
Suggested packages:
mountall aufs-tools debootstrap docker-doc rinse zfs-fuse | zfsutils
The following NEW packages will be installed:
bridge-utils cgroupfs-mount docker.io ubuntu-fan
0 upgraded, 4 newly installed, 0 to remove and 126 not upgraded.
Need to get 17.1 MB of archives.
After this operation, 90.5 MB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y
Get:1 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 bridge-utils amd64 1.5-9ubuntu1 [28.6 kB]
Get:2 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/universe amd64 cgroupfs-mount all 1.2 [4,970 B]
Get:3 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/universe amd64 docker.io amd64 17.03.2-0ubuntu2~16.04.1 [17.1 MB]
Get:4 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 ubuntu-fan all 0.12.8~16.04.2 [35.6 kB]
Fetched 17.1 MB in 7min 15s (39.3 kB/s)
Preconfiguring packages ...
Selecting previously unselected package bridge-utils.
(Reading database ... 66391 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../bridge-utils_1.5-9ubuntu1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking bridge-utils (1.5-9ubuntu1) ...
Selecting previously unselected package cgroupfs-mount.
Preparing to unpack .../cgroupfs-mount_1.2_all.deb ...
Unpacking cgroupfs-mount (1.2) ...
Selecting previously unselected package docker.io.
Preparing to unpack .../docker.io_17.03.2-0ubuntu2~16.04.1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking docker.io (17.03.2-0ubuntu2~16.04.1) ...
Selecting previously unselected package ubuntu-fan.
Preparing to unpack .../ubuntu-fan_0.12.8~16.04.2_all.deb ...
Unpacking ubuntu-fan (0.12.8~16.04.2) ...
Processing triggers for man-db (2.7.5-1) ...
Processing triggers for ureadahead (0.100.0-19) ...
Processing triggers for systemd (229-4ubuntu21.1) ...
Setting up bridge-utils (1.5-9ubuntu1) ...
Setting up cgroupfs-mount (1.2) ...
Setting up docker.io (17.03.2-0ubuntu2~16.04.1) ...
Adding group `docker' (GID 117) ...
Done.
Setting up ubuntu-fan (0.12.8~16.04.2) ...
Processing triggers for systemd (229-4ubuntu21.1) ...
Processing triggers for ureadahead (0.100.0-19) ...
zhangsan@gongsi:~$
1.3 查看镜像
zhangsan@ubuntu:~/docker$ docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
dl-4a 1.5.4 469d3246eff1 39 minutes ago 11.1GB
dl-4a 1.5.3 f1b062c5baa4 30 hours ago 10.3GB
1.4 查看容器
参数区别:如果没有启动的容器,docker ps 是看不到;如要想看到所有容器:docker ps –a。
zhangsan@ubuntu:~/docker$ docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
2bade87bd9dd dl-4a:1.5.3 "/bin/bash" 36 seconds ago Exited (0) 6 seconds ago dl-4a-zhangsan
zhangsan@ubuntu:~/docker$ docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
2bade87bd9dd dl-4a:1.5.3 "/bin/bash" 36 seconds ago Exited (0) 6 seconds ago dl-4a-zhangsan
1.5 以容器名称“dl-4a-154”打开镜像
zhangsan@ubuntu:~/docker$ docker run --name dl-4a-154 -it dl-4a:1.5.4 /bin/bash
root@24cc57b1cfa3:/# exit
exit
#产生新容器 24cc57b1cfa3
zhangsan@ubuntu:~/docker$ docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
24cc57b1cfa3 dl-4a:1.5.4 "/bin/bash" About a minute ago Exited (0) 9 seconds ago dl-4a-154
2bade87bd9dd dl-4a:1.5.3 "/bin/bash" 23 hours ago Exited (0) About an hour ago dl-4a-zhangsan
zhangsan@ubuntu:~/docker$
1.6 停止容器
zhangsan@ubuntu:~$ docker stop 24cc57b1cfa3
24cc57b1cfa3
1.7 启动容器
zhangsan@ubuntu:~$ docker start 24cc57b1cfa3
24cc57b1cfa3
1.8 再次进入容器和退出容器
zhangsan@ubuntu:~$ docker exec -it 24cc57b1cfa3 /bin/bash
root@ 24cc57b1cfa3:/#
root@2bade87bd9dd:~/application/iface/lib#exit
1.9 删除容器
zhangsan@ubuntu:~/docker$ docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
24cc57b1cfa3 dl-4a:1.5.4 "/bin/bash" About a minute ago Exited (0) 9 seconds ago dl-4a-154
2bade87bd9dd dl-4a:1.5.3 "/bin/bash" 23 hours ago Exited (0) About an hour ago dl-4a-zhangsan
zhangsan@ubuntu:~/docker$
zhangsan@ubuntu:~/docker$ docker rm 24cc57b1cfa3
dd85f58b8ffb
1.10 将容器提交到docker镜像中
root@2bade87bd9dd:~/application/iface/lib#exit
zhangsan@ubuntu:~$ docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
2bade87bd9dd dl-4a:1.5.3 "/bin/bash" 22 hours ago Up 28 minutes dl-4a-zhangsan
zhangsan@ubuntu:~$
zhangsan@ubuntu:~$ docker stop 2bade87bd9dd
2bade87bd9dd
zhangsan@ubuntu:~$ docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
2bade87bd9dd dl-4a:1.5.3 "/bin/bash" 22 hours ago Up 28 minutes dl-4a-zhangsan
zhangsan@ubuntu:~$ docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
dl-4a 1.5.3 f1b062c5baa4 29 hours ago 10.3GB
zhangsan@ubuntu:~$
zhangsan@ubuntu:~$ docker commit -a "zhangsan" -m "iface-gongsi" 2bade87bd9dd dl-4a:1.5.4
sha256:469d3246eff104f90fcda533c4fd73d2d68cf2ba5305bd9f054c4ca2e9658616
zhangsan@ubuntu:~$ docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
2bade87bd9dd dl-4a:1.5.3 "/bin/bash" 22 hours ago Exited (0) 10 minutes ago dl-4a-zhangsan
zhangsan@ubuntu:~$
zhangsan@ubuntu:~$ docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
dl-4a 1.5.4 469d3246eff1 About a minute ago 11.1GB
dl-4a 1.5.3 f1b062c5baa4 29 hours ago 10.3GB
zhangsan@ubuntu:~$
1.11 将镜像导出成tar包
zhangsan@ubuntu:~$ docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
dl-4a 1.5.4 469d3246eff1 About a minute ago 11.1GB
dl-4a 1.5.3 f1b062c5baa4 29 hours ago 10.3GB
zhangsan@ubuntu:~$
zhangsan@ubuntu:~/docker$ docker save 469d3246eff1 -o /aizone/home/zhangsan/docker/dl-4a_1.5.4.tar
zhangsan@ubuntu:~/docker$ ll
total 29439304
drwxr-xr-x 2 zhangsan AI 4096 Oct 17 16:45 ./
drwxr-x--- 7 zhangsan AI 4096 Oct 17 16:17 ../
-rw------- 1 zhangsan AI 8341279232 Oct 11 11:26 dl-4a_1.5.3.tar
-rw------- 1 zhangsan AI 11308044288 Oct 17 16:45 dl-4a_1.5.4.tar
zhangsan@ubuntu:~/docker$
1.12 加载镜像
zhangsan@gongsi:~$ sudo docker load < /home/zhangsan/docker/dl-4a_1.5.4.tar