服务端/客户端编程剖析
1. 深度剖析服务端
- 服务端socket只用于接收连接,不进行实际的通讯
- 当接受到连接时,accept函数返回用于与客户端通信的socket
2. 深入理解socket函数
- socket() 是什么:“多功能”函数(用于互联网络通信、专用网络通信、本地进程间的通讯…)
- socket() 返回的是什么:用于通讯的资源
标志
符,标志符表示socket需要申请的资源,由于系统资源是有限的,所以使用完毕之后要释放了(close函数则是用于释放资源)。 - socket() 还可以做什么:提供不同类型的通讯功能(如进程间通讯).
3. 服务端/客户端核心编程模式
- 服务端长时间运行(死循环)接收客户端请求;
- 客户端连接后向服务端发送请求(协议数据)
时序图:
4. 编程实例
实验编程目的:
- 服务端持续监听客户端连接
- 服务端被连接后echo客户端数据
- 服务端接收到quit后断开连接
- 客户端接收用户输入并输入发送到服务端
server.c
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int main(int argc,char* argv[])
{
if(argc!=3)
{
printf("Usage:%s <IP> <Port>\n",argv[0]);
}
int server = 0;
struct sockaddr_in saddr = {0};
int client = 0;
struct sockaddr_in caddr = {0};
socklen_t asize = 0;
int len = 0;
char buf[32] = {0};
int r = 0;
server = socket(PF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
if( server == -1 )
{
printf("server socket error\n");
return -1;
}
saddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
saddr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(argv[1]);
saddr.sin_port = htons(atoi(argv[2]));
if( bind(server, (struct sockaddr*)&saddr, sizeof(saddr)) == -1 )
{
printf("server bind error\n");
return -1;
}
if( listen(server, 1) == -1 )
{
printf("server listen error\n");
return -1;
}
printf("server start success\n");
while( 1 )
{
asize = sizeof(caddr);
client = accept(server, (struct sockaddr*)&caddr, &asize);
if( client == -1 )
{
printf("client accept error\n");
return -1;
}
printf("client: %d\n", client);
do
{
r = recv(client, buf, sizeof(buf), 0);
if( r > 0 )
{
printf("Receive: %s\n", buf);
if( strcmp(buf, "quit") != 0 )
{
len = send(client, buf, r, 0);
}
else
{
break;
}
}
} while ( r > 0 );
close(client);
}
close(server);
return 0;
}
/*
linux@ubuntu:~/demos/demos/socket_echo $ gcc server.c -o server
linux@ubuntu:~/demos/demos/socket_echoa$ ./server 192.168.2.56 1000000
server start success
client: 4
Receive: hello
Receive: quit
*/
client.c
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int main(int argc,char* argv[])
{
if(argc!=3)
{
printf("Usage:%s <IP> <port> \n",argv[0]);
}
int sock = 0;
struct sockaddr_in addr = {0};
int len = 0;
char buf[128] = {0};
char input[32] = {0};
int r = 0;
sock = socket(PF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
if( sock == -1 )
{
printf("socket error\n");
return -1;
}
addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
addr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(argv[1]);
addr.sin_port = htons(atoi(argv[2]));
if( connect(sock, (struct sockaddr*)&addr, sizeof(addr)) == -1 )
{
printf("connect error\n");
return -1;
}
printf("connect success\n");
while( 1 )
{
printf("Input: ");
scanf("%s", input);
len = send(sock, input, strlen(input) + 1, 0);
r = recv(sock, buf, sizeof(buf), 0);
if( r > 0 )
{
printf("Receive: %s\n", buf);
}
else
{
break;
}
}
close(sock);
return 0;
}
/*
linux@ubuntu:~/demos/demos/socket_echo$ gcc client.c -o client
linux@ubuntu:~/demos/demos/socket_echo$ ./client 192.168.2.56 1000000
connect success
Input: hello
Receive: hello
Input: quit
*/
5. 思考
当启动server程序时,如果一个客户端已经连接上之后(未断开),此时如果有另外一个客户端进行连接时可以正常进行通讯吗?
实验:开启一server端,client1连接后进行一次数据收发,cleint2再次连接到server
server端:
linux@ubuntu:~/demos/demos/socket_echo$ ./server 192.168.2.56 88888
server start success
client: 4
Receive: HELLO
client1:
./client 192.168.2.56 88888
connect success
Input: HELLO
Receive: HELLO
Input:
client2:
./client 192.168.2.56 88888
connect success
Input: 888
client1可以与server进行直接通讯,client2 connect可以成功但是不能进行数据收发,为什么会这样?
可以看一下server端代码:当第一个客户端连接成功后程序就一直在里面的一层循环中,等待数据到来,当无数据时,recv函数就会一直阻塞
r = recv(client, buf, sizeof(buf), 0);
所以accept函数不会被调用,不能直接产生一个套接字用于与新来的客户端程序通讯,新来的client只能暂时放入队列等待区等待
至于如何支持多个客户端同时通讯,见下一节