如果需要保证数据访问的排它性,则需对目标数据加“锁”,使其无法被其它程序修改
一,悲观锁
对数据被外界(包括本系统当前的其它事务和来自外部系统的事务处理)修改持保守态度,通过数据库提供的锁机制实现
最常用的,是对查询进行加锁(LockMode.UPGRADE和LockMode.UPGRADE_NOWAIT):
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Configuration conf = new Configuration();
SessionFactory sessionFactory = conf.configure().buildSessionFactory();
Session sess = sessionFactory.openSession();
Transaction tran = sess.beginTransaction();
String hql = "from User where id = 1";
Query query = sess.createQuery(hql);
query.setLockOptions(LockOptions.UPGRADE);
List<User> list = query.list();
for(User user : list){
System.out.print(user.getName()+" ");
}
System.out.println();
tran.commit();
sess.close();
}
}
Hibernate会在生成的SQL后面加上for update子句:
Hibernate: select user0_.id as id0_, user0_.name as name0_, user0_.age as age0_
from TEST_USER user0_ where user0_.id=1 for update
longlong
通过for update子句,这条SQL锁定了TEST_USER表中符合检索条件的记录,本次事务提交前,外界无法修改这些记录,事务提交时会释放事务过程中的锁
Hibernate提供了2个锁对象,LockMode和LockOptions:
通过LockOptions的源代码,可以发现LockOptions只是LockMode的简单封装(在LockMode的基础上提供了timeout和scope):
......
/**
* NONE represents LockMode.NONE (timeout + scope do not apply)
*/
public static final LockOptions NONE = new LockOptions(LockMode.NONE);
/**
* READ represents LockMode.READ (timeout + scope do not apply)
*/
public static final LockOptions READ = new LockOptions(LockMode.READ);
/**
* UPGRADE represents LockMode.UPGRADE (will wait forever for lock and
* scope of false meaning only entity is locked)
*/
public static fin