Android instrumentation原理

instrumentation原理

1.官方描述

instrumentation can load both a test package and the application under test into the same process. Since the application components and their tests are in the same process, the tests can invoke methods in the components, and modify and examine fields in the components.

翻译过来

Instrumentation可以把测试包和目标测试应用加载到同一个进程中运行。既然各个控件和测试代码都运行在同一个进程中了，测试代码当然就可以调用这些控件的方法了，同时修改和验证这些控件的一些数据

2.如何实现获取控件及操作控件

Android instrumentation是Android系统里面的一套控制方法或者”钩子“。这些钩子可以在正常的生命周期（正常是由操作系统控制的)之外控制Android控件的运行，其实指的就是Instrumentation类提供的各种流程控制方法，下表展示了部分方法的对应关系

Method	Control by User(Instrumentation)	Control by OS
onCreate	callActivityOnCreate	onCreate
onDestroy	callActivityOnDestroy	onDestroy
onStart	callActivityOnStart	onStart

具体源码：

/**
     * Perform calling of an activity's {@link Activity#onCreate}
     * method.  The default implementation simply calls through to that method.
     * 
     * @param activity The activity being created.
     * @param icicle The previously frozen state (or null) to pass through to
     *               onCreate().
     */
    public void callActivityOnCreate(Activity activity, Bundle icicle) {
        ...
        activity.performCreate(icicle);
        ...
}

从代码可以看到它做的事情也就是直接调用Activity类的performCreate方法：

final void performCreate(Bundle icicle) {
        onCreate(icicle);
        mVisibleFromClient = !mWindow.getWindowStyle().getBoolean(
                com.android.internal.R.styleable.Window_windowNoDisplay, false);
         ...        

而performCreate方法最终调用的就是onCreate方法。所以这里就好比Instrumentation勾住了本应该系统调用的onCreate方法，然后由用户自己来控制勾住的这个方法什么时候执行。

获取Activity中的控件

public void testActivity() throws Exception {  

        Intent intent = new Intent();
        intent.setClassName("com.hustophone.sample", Sample.class.getName());
        intent.setFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK);
        activity = (Activity) getInstrumentation().startActivitySync(intent);
        text = (TextView) activity.findViewById(R.id.text1);
        button = (Button) activity.findViewById(R.id.button1);

操作Activity中的控件

    getInstrumentation().runOnMainSync(new PerformClick(button));
    ...

    /*
     * 模拟按钮点击
     */
    private class PerformClick implements Runnable {
        Button btn;
        public PerformClick(Button button) {
            btn = button;
        }

        public void run() {
            btn.performClick();
        }
    }