BZOJ 1041圆上的整点 题解与分析

给定一个半径R<2000000000;求以(0,0)为圆心的圆上有多少个整数点：

在这里直接给出代码：
解析参考：这篇博客

#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<algorithm>
#include<iostream>
#include<vector>
#include<stack>
#include<queue>
#include<cmath>
using namespace std;
long long R,ans=0;
long long gcd(long long x,long long y){return x%y==0 ? y : gcd(y,x%y);}
bool check(long long y,double x)
{
      if(x==floor(x))//判断整点 
      {
            long long x1=(long long)floor(x);
            if(gcd(x1*x1,y*y)==1 && x1*x1!=y*y)//gcd(A,B)=1并且A!=B 
                  return true;
      }
      return false;
}
int main()
{
      //freopen("input.in","r",stdin);
	  //freopen("output.out","w",stdout);
      scanf("%lld",&R);
      for(long long d=1;d<=(long long)sqrt(2*R);d++)
      {
            if((2*R)%d==0)
            {
                  for(long long a=1;a<=(long long)sqrt(2*R/(2*d));a++)//2*a^2<2*r/d
                  {
                        double b=sqrt(((2*R)/d)-a*a);
                        if(check(a,b))
                              ans++;
                  }
                  if(d!=(2*R)/d)
                  {
                        for(long long a=1;a<=(long long)sqrt(d/2);a++)//2*a^2<d
                        {
                              double b=sqrt(d-a*a);
                              if(check(a,b))
                                    ans++;
                        }
                  }
            }
      }    
      printf("%lld\n",ans*4+4); 
	  //system("pause");
      return 0;
}

例二：
题意：

ABC三点，其中A是坐标原点，|AB|=a, |AC|=b,|BC|=c，求B、C在网格的可能坐标（横纵坐标都是整数），按字典序从小到大输出。

分析：

问题转化为圆1:x²+y²=a² , ,圆2:x²+y²=b² ，在两圆在各取一点（横纵坐标都为整数，下同），使得这两点之间的距离是c。只要能求出圆上的所有整点，题目基本上就解决了。

代码：

#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
typedef long long ll;
struct node{
    ll x, y;
    friend bool operator < (node a, node b)
    {
        return a.x == b.x ? a.y < b.y : a.x < b.x;
    }
};
struct Line{
    ll x1, y1, x2, y2;
};
vector<Line> ans;
vector<node> f, s;
ll r1, r2, c;
ll gcd(ll a, ll b)
{
    return b == 0 ? a : gcd(b, a%b);
}
bool check(ll a, double b)
{
    ll bb = b;
    if(bb == b)//b是整数
    {
        if(gcd(a*a, bb*bb) == 1 && a*a != bb*bb)
            return true;
    }
    return false;
}
void getPoints(ll r, vector<node> &s)
{
    for(ll d = 1; d <= (ll)sqrt(2*r); d++)//只枚举一半，d<=m
    {
        if((2*r)%d == 0)
        {
            ll m = (2*r) / d;// d*m=2*r
            for(ll a = 1; a <= (ll)sqrt(m/2.0); a++)
            {
                double b = sqrt(m-a*a);
                if(check(a, b))
                {
                    ll y = r - a*a*d;
                    ll x = (ll)sqrt(r*r - y*y);
                    s.push_back({x, y});
                    s.push_back({x, -y});
                    s.push_back({-x, y});
                    s.push_back({-x, -y});
                }
            }
            if(d != (2*r)/d)//m和d不等大，否则就重复了
            {
                m = d;//处理d>m的部分，此时d和m值互换，d = 2*r / d;
                ll dd = 2*r / d;
                for(ll a = 1; a <= (ll)sqrt(m/2.0); a++)
                {
                    double b = sqrt(m-a*a);
                    if(check(a, b))
                    {
                        ll y = r - a*a*dd;
                        ll x = (ll)sqrt(r*r - y*y);
                        s.push_back({x, y});
                        s.push_back({x, -y});
                        s.push_back({-x, y});
                        s.push_back({-x, -y});
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
int main()
{
    //freopen("/Users/zhangkanqi/Desktop/11.txt","r",stdin);
    int t;
    scanf("%d", &t);
    while(t--)
    {
        f.clear();s.clear();ans.clear();
        scanf("%lld %lld %lld", &r1, &r2, &c);
        f.push_back({0,r1});f.push_back({0,-r1});f.push_back({r1,0});f.push_back({-r1,0});
        s.push_back({0,r2});s.push_back({0,-r2});s.push_back({r2,0});s.push_back({-r2,0});
        getPoints(r1, f);
        getPoints(r2, s);
        sort(f.begin(), f.end());
        sort(s.begin(), s.end());
        for(int i = 0; i < f.size(); i++)
        {
            for(int j = 0; j < s.size(); j++)
            {
                ll dis = (f[i].x - s[j].x)*(f[i].x-s[j].x) + (f[i].y-s[j].y)*(f[i].y-s[j].y);
                if(dis == c*c)
                    ans.push_back({f[i].x,f[i].y,s[j].x,s[j].y});
            }
        }
        printf("%d\n",ans.size());
        for(int i = 0; i < ans.size(); i++)
            printf("%lld %lld %lld %lld\n", ans[i].x1, ans[i].y1, ans[i].x2, ans[i].y2);
    }
    return 0;
}