插入排序

//插入排序
//为了给要插入的元素腾出空间，我们需要将其余所有的元素在插入之前都向右移动一位
package Algorithms;

import java.util.Comparator;

import edu.princeton.cs.algs4.StdIn;
import edu.princeton.cs.algs4.StdOut;

public class P157_Insertion {

	private P157_Insertion(){}
	
	public static void sort(Comparable[] a){
		//将a[]按升序排列
		int n = a.length;
		for (int i = 0; i < n; i++){
			//将a[i]插入到a[i-1],a[i-2],a[i-3]...之中
			for (int j = i; j > 0 && less(a[j], a[j - 1]); j--){
				exch(a, j, j - 1);
			}
			assert isSorted(a, 0, i);
		}
		assert isSorted(a);
	}
	
	public static void sort(Comparable[] a, int lo, int hi) {
        for (int i = lo; i <= hi; i++) {
            for (int j = i; j > lo && less(a[j], a[j-1]); j--) {
                exch(a, j, j-1);
            }
        }
        assert isSorted(a, lo, hi);
    }
	
	public static void sort(Object[] a, Comparator comparator) {
        int n = a.length;
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
            for (int j = i; j > 0 && less(a[j], a[j-1], comparator); j--) {
                exch(a, j, j-1);
            }
            assert isSorted(a, 0, i, comparator);
        }
        assert isSorted(a, comparator);
    }
	
	public static void sort(Object[] a, int lo, int hi, Comparator comparator) {
        for (int i = lo; i <= hi; i++) {
            for (int j = i; j > lo && less(a[j], a[j-1], comparator); j--) {
                exch(a, j, j-1);
            }
        }
        assert isSorted(a, lo, hi, comparator);
    }
	
	public static int[] indexSort(Comparable[] a) {
        int n = a.length;
        int[] index = new int[n];
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
            index[i] = i;

        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
            for (int j = i; j > 0 && less(a[index[j]], a[index[j-1]]); j--)
                exch(index, j, j-1);

        return index;
    }
	
	// is v < w ?
	private static boolean less(Comparable v, Comparable w) {
        return v.compareTo(w) < 0;
    }

    // is v < w ?
    private static boolean less(Object v, Object w, Comparator comparator) {
        return comparator.compare(v, w) < 0;
    }
        
    // exchange a[i] and a[j]
    private static void exch(Object[] a, int i, int j) {
        Object swap = a[i];
        a[i] = a[j];
        a[j] = swap;
    }

    // exchange a[i] and a[j]  (for indirect sort)
    private static void exch(int[] a, int i, int j) {
        int swap = a[i];
        a[i] = a[j];
        a[j] = swap;
    }

    private static boolean isSorted(Comparable[] a) {
        return isSorted(a, 0, a.length - 1);
    }

    // is the array sorted from a[lo] to a[hi]
    private static boolean isSorted(Comparable[] a, int lo, int hi) {
        for (int i = lo+1; i <= hi; i++)
            if (less(a[i], a[i-1])) return false;
        return true;
    }

    private static boolean isSorted(Object[] a, Comparator comparator) {
        return isSorted(a, 0, a.length - 1, comparator);
    }

    // is the array sorted from a[lo] to a[hi]
    private static boolean isSorted(Object[] a, int lo, int hi, Comparator comparator) {
        for (int i = lo + 1; i <= hi; i++)
            if (less(a[i], a[i-1], comparator)) return false;
        return true;
    }

   // print array to standard output
    private static void show(Comparable[] a) {
        for (int i = 0; i < a.length; i++) {
            StdOut.println(a[i]);
        }
    }
    
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		String[] a = StdIn.readAllStrings();
        P157_Insertion.sort(a);
        show(a);
	}

}