JavaWeb学习笔记3

6.6 HttpServletResponse

web服务器接收到客户端的http请求，针对这个请求，分别创建一个代表请求的HttpServletRequest对象和一个代表响应的HttpServletResponse对象
如果要获取客户端请求过来的参数：找HttpServletRequest
如果要给客户端响应一些信息：找HttpServletResponse

1、简单分类

负责向浏览器发送数据的方法

ServletOutputStream getOutputStrean() throws IOException;
PrintWriter getwriter() throw IOException;

负责向浏览器发送响应头的方法

void setCharacterEncoding(String var1);
void setContentLength(int var1);
void setContentLengthLong(long var1);
void setContentType(String var1);
void setDateHeader(String var1, long var2);
void addDateHeader(String var1, long var2);
void setHeader(String var1, String var2);
void addHeader(String var1, String var2);
void setIntHeader(String var1, int var2);
void addIntHeader(String var1, int var2);、

响应状态码

int SC_CONTINUE = 100;
    int SC_SWITCHING_PROTOCOLS = 101;
    int SC_OK = 200;
    int SC_CREATED = 201;
    int SC_ACCEPTED = 202;
    int SC_NON_AUTHORITATIVE_INFORMATION = 203;
    int SC_NO_CONTENT = 204;
    int SC_RESET_CONTENT = 205;
    int SC_PARTIAL_CONTENT = 206;
    int SC_MULTIPLE_CHOICES = 300;
    int SC_MOVED_PERMANENTLY = 301;
    int SC_MOVED_TEMPORARILY = 302;
    int SC_FOUND = 302;
    int SC_SEE_OTHER = 303;
    int SC_NOT_MODIFIED = 304;
    int SC_USE_PROXY = 305;
    int SC_TEMPORARY_REDIRECT = 307;
    int SC_BAD_REQUEST = 400;
    int SC_UNAUTHORIZED = 401;
    int SC_PAYMENT_REQUIRED = 402;
    int SC_FORBIDDEN = 403;
    int SC_NOT_FOUND = 404;
    int SC_METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED = 405;
    int SC_NOT_ACCEPTABLE = 406;
    int SC_PROXY_AUTHENTICATION_REQUIRED = 407;
    int SC_REQUEST_TIMEOUT = 408;
    int SC_CONFLICT = 409;
    int SC_GONE = 410;
    int SC_LENGTH_REQUIRED = 411;
    int SC_PRECONDITION_FAILED = 412;
    int SC_REQUEST_ENTITY_TOO_LARGE = 413;
    int SC_REQUEST_URI_TOO_LONG = 414;
    int SC_UNSUPPORTED_MEDIA_TYPE = 415;
    int SC_REQUESTED_RANGE_NOT_SATISFIABLE = 416;
    int SC_EXPECTATION_FAILED = 417;
    int SC_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR = 500;
    int SC_NOT_IMPLEMENTED = 501;
    int SC_BAD_GATEWAY = 502;
    int SC_SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE = 503;
    int SC_GATEWAY_TIMEOUT = 504;
    int SC_HTTP_VERSION_NOT_SUPPORTED = 505;

2、常见应用

1、向浏览器输出消息
2、下载文件

• 获取要下载文件的路径
• 下载文件名
• 想办法让浏览器能够支持下载我们想要的东西
• 获取下载文件的输入流
• 创建缓冲区
• 获取OutputStream对象
• 将FileOutputStream流写入buffer缓冲区
• 使用OutputStream将缓冲区的数据输出到客户端

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletOutputStream;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;

public class FileServlet extends HttpServlet {
  @Override
  protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
      //1.获取下载文件路径
      String realPath="E:\\workspace\\JavaWeb\\web01\\src\\main\\resources\\1.jpg";
      //2.下载文件名
      String fileName=realPath.substring(realPath.lastIndexOf("\\")+1);
      //3.让浏览器能够支持我们想要下载的东西
      resp.setHeader("Content-Disposition","attachment;filename="+fileName);
      //4.获取下载文件的输入流
      FileInputStream in=new FileInputStream(realPath);
      //5.创建缓冲区
      int len=0;
      byte[] buffer=new byte[1024];
      //6.获取OutputStream对象
      ServletOutputStream out=resp.getOutputStream();
      //7.将FileOutputStream流写入buffer缓冲区，使用OutputStream将缓冲区数据写入客户端
      while((len=in.read(buffer))>0)
      {
          out.write(buffer,0,len);
      }
      in.close();
      out.close();
  }

  @Override
  protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
      doGet(req, resp);
  }
}

<servlet>
    <servlet-name>fileDown</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>FileServlet</servlet-class>
 </servlet>
  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>fileDown</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/fileDown</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>

3、验证码实现

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Random;

public class ImagServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //让浏览器3秒刷新一次
        resp.setHeader("refresh ","3");
        //在内存中创建一个图片
        BufferedImage image=new BufferedImage(80,20,BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
        //得到图片
        Graphics2D g= (Graphics2D) image.getGraphics();
        //设置图片背景颜色
        g.setColor(Color.white);
        g.fillRect(0,0,80,20);
        //给图片写数字
        g.setColor(Color.BLUE);
        g.setFont(new Font(null,Font.BOLD,20));
        g.drawString(makeNum(),0,20);
        //告诉浏览器，这个请求用图片的方式打开
        resp.setContentType("image/jepg");
        //网站存在缓存，不让浏览器缓存
        resp.setDateHeader("expires",-1);
        resp.setHeader("Cache-Control","no-cache");
        resp.setHeader("Pragma","no-cache");
    }
    private String makeNum()
    {
        Random random=new Random();
        String num=random.nextInt(9999)+"";
        StringBuffer buf=new StringBuffer();
        for(int i=0;i<4-num.length();i++)
        {
            buf.append(0);
        }
        num=buf.toString()+num;
        return num;
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}

4、实现重定向
一个web资源收到客户端请求后，也会通知客户端去访问另外一个web资源，这个过程叫重定向
常见常见用户登录

<html>
<body>
<h2>Hello World!</h2>
<form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/login">
    用户名：<input type="text" name="username"><br>
    密码：<input type="password" name="password"><br>
    <input type="submit">
</form>
</body>
</html>

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

public class RequestTest extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //处理请求
        String username=req.getParameter("username");
        String password=req.getParameter("password");
        System.out.println(username+":"+password);
        resp.sendRedirect("success.jsp");

    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}

#####重定向和转发的区别
相同点：页面都会实现跳转
不同点：
请求转发的是时候，url不会发生变化 编码 307
重定向的时候，url地址栏会发生变化 编码 302