一、简述
PXE(preboot execute environment，预启动执行环境)是由Intel公司开发的最新技术，工作于Client/Server的网络模式，支持工作站通过网络从远端服务器下载映像，并由此支持通过网络启动操作系统，在启动过程中，终端要求服务器分配IP地址，再用TFTP（trivial file transfer protocol）或MTFTP(multicast trivial file transfer protocol)协议下载一个启动软件包到本机内存中执行，由这个启动软件包完成终端（客户端）基本软件设置，从而引导预先安装在服务器中的终端操作系统。PXE可以引导多种操作系统，如：Windows95/98/2000/windows2003/windows2008/winXP/win7/win8,linux系列系统等。
1、安装
[root@server ~]# yum install httpd dhcp tftp-server syslinux -y
Loaded plugins: langpacks
rhel_dvd | 4.1 kB 00:00
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package dhcp.x86_64 12:4.2.5-27.el7 will be installed
---> Package httpd.x86_64 0:2.4.6-17.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: httpd-tools = 2.4.6-17.el7 for package: httpd-2.4.6-17.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: /etc/mime.types for package: httpd-2.4.6-17.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libapr-1.so.0()(64bit) for package: httpd-2.4.6-17.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libaprutil-1.so.0()(64bit) for package: httpd-2.4.6-17.el7.x86_64
---> Package syslinux.x86_64 0:4.05-8.el7 will be installed
---> Package tftp-server.x86_64 0:5.2-11.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: xinetd for package: tftp-server-5.2-11.el7.x86_64
--> Running transaction check
---> Package apr.x86_64 0:1.4.8-3.el7 will be installed
---> Package apr-util.x86_64 0:1.5.2-6.el7 will be installed
---> Package httpd-tools.x86_64 0:2.4.6-17.el7 will be installed
---> Package mailcap.noarch 0:2.1.41-2.el7 will be installed
---> Package xinetd.x86_64 2:2.3.15-12.el7 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
================================================================================
Installing:
dhcp x86_64 12:4.2.5-27.el7 rhel_dvd 506 k
httpd x86_64 2.4.6-17.el7 rhel_dvd 1.2 M
syslinux x86_64 4.05-8.el7 rhel_dvd 1.0 M
tftp-server x86_64 5.2-11.el7 rhel_dvd 44 k
Installing for dependencies:
apr x86_64 1.4.8-3.el7 rhel_dvd 103 k
apr-util x86_64 1.5.2-6.el7 rhel_dvd 92 k
httpd-tools x86_64 2.4.6-17.el7 rhel_dvd 77 k
mailcap noarch 2.1.41-2.el7 rhel_dvd 31 k
xinetd x86_64 2:2.3.15-12.el7 rhel_dvd 128 k
Transaction Summary
================================================================================
Install 4 Packages (+5 Dependent packages)
Total download size: 3.1 M
Installed size: 8.3 M
Downloading packages:
(1/9): apr-1.4.8-3.el7.x86_64.rpm | 103 kB 00:00
(2/9): apr-util-1.5.2-6.el7.x86_64.rpm | 92 kB 00:00
(3/9): dhcp-4.2.5-27.el7.x86_64.rpm | 506 kB 00:00
(4/9): httpd-2.4.6-17.el7.x86_64.rpm | 1.2 MB 00:00
(5/9): httpd-tools-2.4.6-17.el7.x86_64.rpm | 77 kB 00:00
(6/9): mailcap-2.1.41-2.el7.noarch.rpm | 31 kB 00:00
(7/9): syslinux-4.05-8.el7.x86_64.rpm | 1.0 MB 00:00
(8/9): tftp-server-5.2-11.el7.x86_64.rpm | 44 kB 00:00
(9/9): xinetd-2.3.15-12.el7.x86_64.rpm | 128 kB 00:00
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 12 MB/s | 3.1 MB 00:00
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
Installing : apr-1.4.8-3.el7.x86_64 1/9
Installing : apr-util-1.5.2-6.el7.x86_64 2/9
Installing : httpd-tools-2.4.6-17.el7.x86_64 3/9
Installing : mailcap-2.1.41-2.el7.noarch 4/9
Installing : 2:xinetd-2.3.15-12.el7.x86_64 5/9
Installing : tftp-server-5.2-11.el7.x86_64 6/9
Installing : httpd-2.4.6-17.el7.x86_64 7/9
Installing : 12:dhcp-4.2.5-27.el7.x86_64 8/9
Installing : syslinux-4.05-8.el7.x86_64 9/9
Verifying : 2:xinetd-2.3.15-12.el7.x86_64 1/9
Verifying : httpd-2.4.6-17.el7.x86_64 2/9
Verifying : mailcap-2.1.41-2.el7.noarch 3/9
Verifying : apr-1.4.8-3.el7.x86_64 4/9
Verifying : apr-util-1.5.2-6.el7.x86_64 5/9
Verifying : httpd-tools-2.4.6-17.el7.x86_64 6/9
Verifying : syslinux-4.05-8.el7.x86_64 7/9
Verifying : 12:dhcp-4.2.5-27.el7.x86_64 8/9
Verifying : tftp-server-5.2-11.el7.x86_64 9/9
Installed:
dhcp.x86_64 12:4.2.5-27.el7 httpd.x86_64 0:2.4.6-17.el7
syslinux.x86_64 0:4.05-8.el7 tftp-server.x86_64 0:5.2-11.el7
Dependency Installed:
apr.x86_64 0:1.4.8-3.el7 apr-util.x86_64 0:1.5.2-6.el7
httpd-tools.x86_64 0:2.4.6-17.el7 mailcap.noarch 0:2.1.41-2.el7
xinetd.x86_64 2:2.3.15-12.el7
Complete!
dhcp ##分配ip以及让客户主机获取pxelinux.0文件，当系统还没有安装时，没有ip地址，只能通过服务端的dhcp服务被动获取信息，服务端dhcp服务器向外界发送的不只动态ip，还有pex相关信息
tftp-server ##提供tftp协议，令客户主机可以读取到预安装环境
syslinux ##提供pxelinux.0文件(预安装环境头文件，用来指定读取后续文件的程序
服务准备
1.httpd打开
[root@server ~]# systemctl stop firewalld
[root@server ~]# systemctl disable firewalld.service
rm '/etc/systemd/system/basic.target.wants/firewalld.service'
rm '/etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service'
[root@server ~]# systemctl start httpd
[root@server ~]# systemctl enable httpd
ln -s '/usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service' '/etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/httpd.service'
2.启用tftp服务
[root@server ~]# vim /etc/xinetd.d/tftp
[root@server ~]# systemctl restart xinetd
[root@server ~]# cat /etc/xinetd.d/tftp
# default: off
# description: The tftp server serves files using the trivial file transfer \
# protocol. The tftp protocol is often used to boot diskless \
# workstations, download configuration files to network-aware printers, \
# and to start the installation process for some operating systems.
service tftp
{
socket_type = dgram
protocol = udp
wait = yes
user = root
server = /usr/sbin/in.tftpd
server_args = -s /var/lib/tftpboot
disable = on
per_source = 11
cps = 100 2
flags = IPv4
}
3、启动dhcp服务
[root@server ~]# vim /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
[root@server ~]# systemctl start dhcpd
[root@server ~]# systemctl enable dhcpd
ln -s '/usr/lib/systemd/system/dhcpd.service' '/etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/dhcpd.service'
[root@server ~]# cat /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
#
# DHCP Server Configuration file.
# see /usr/share/doc/dhcp*/dhcpd.conf.example
# see dhcpd.conf(5) man page
#
option domain-name "example.com";
option domain-name-servers 114.114.114.114;
default-lease-time 600;
max-lease-time 7200;
log-facility local7;
subnet 172.25.254.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
range 172.25.254.2 172.25.254.5;
option routers 172.25.254.66;
filename "pxelinux.0";
next-server 172.25.254.66; 设定共享文件
制作安装源
mkdir /var/www/html/rhel7.0
mkdir /iso
mv /root/rhel-server-7.0-x86_64-dvd.iso /iso/
mount /iso/rhel-server-7.0-x86_64-dvd.iso /var/www/html/rhel7.0/
vim /etc/rc.d/rc.local
mount /iso/rhel-server-7.0-x86_64-dvd.iso /var/www/html/rhel7.0/
chmod +x /etc/rc.d/rc.local
制作预安装环境
cp /var/www/html/rhel7.0/isolinux/* /var/lib/tftpboot/
cp /usr/share/syslinux/pxelinux.0 /var/lib/tftpboot/
mkdir /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg
cp /var/lib/tftpboot/isolinux.cfg /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default
systemctl restart xinetd
设定自动化部署
yum install system-conifig-kickstart
system-config-kickstart ---->/var/www/html/rhel7.0.cfg
vim /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default
label autoinstall ##选项标签
menu label ^Autoinstall RHEL7.0 ##标题
kernel vmlinuz ##启动的内核文件
append initrd=initrd.img repo=http://172.25.254.100/rhel7.0 ks=http://172.25.254.100/rhel7.0.cfg
[root@foundation41 ~]# vim /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default
[root@foundation41 ~]# cat /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default
default vesamenu.c32
timeout 200
display boot.msg
# Clear the screen when exiting the menu, instead of leaving the menu displayed.
# For vesamenu, this means the graphical background is still displayed without
# the menu itself for as long as the screen remains in graphics mode.
menu clear
menu background splash.png
menu title PXE LINUX !!!!!!!!!!!!!
menu vshift 8
menu rows 18
menu margin 8
#menu hidden
menu helpmsgrow 15
menu tabmsgrow 13
# Border Area
menu color border * #00000000 #00000000 none
# Selected item
menu color sel 0 #ffffffff #00000000 none
# Title bar
menu color title 0 #ff7ba3d0 #00000000 none
# Press [Tab] message
menu color tabmsg 0 #ff3a6496 #00000000 none
# Unselected menu item
menu color unsel 0 #84b8ffff #00000000 none
# Selected hotkey
menu color hotsel 0 #84b8ffff #00000000 none
# Unselected hotkey
menu color hotkey 0 #ffffffff #00000000 none
# Help text
menu color help 0 #ffffffff #00000000 none
# A scrollbar of some type? Not sure.
menu color scrollbar 0 #ffffffff #ff355594 none
# Timeout msg
menu color timeout 0 #ffffffff #00000000 none
menu color timeout_msg 0 #ffffffff #00000000 none
# Command prompt text
menu color cmdmark 0 #84b8ffff #00000000 none
menu color cmdline 0 #ffffffff #00000000 none
# Do not display the actual menu unless the user presses a key. All that is displayed is a timeout message.
menu tabmsg Press Tab for full configuration options on menu items.
menu separator # insert an empty line
menu separator # insert an empty line
label linux
menu label ^PXE INSTALL REDHAT 7.0
kernel vmlinuz
append initrd=initrd.img repo=http://172.25.254.41/rhel7.0 ks=http://172.25.254.41/rhel7.0.cfg
label check
menu label Test this ^media & install Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.0
menu default
kernel vmlinuz
append initrd=initrd.img inst.stage2=hd:LABEL=RHEL-7.0\x20Server.x86_64 rd.live.check quiet
menu separator # insert an empty line
# utilities submenu
menu begin ^Troubleshooting
menu title Troubleshooting
label vesa
menu indent count 5
menu label Install Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.0 in ^basic graphics mode
text help
Try this option out if you're having trouble installing
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.0.
endtext
kernel vmlinuz
append initrd=initrd.img inst.stage2=hd:LABEL=RHEL-7.0\x20Server.x86_64 xdriver=vesa nomodeset quiet
label rescue
menu indent count 5
menu label ^Rescue a Red Hat Enterprise Linux system
text help
If the system will not boot, this lets you access files
and edit config files to try to get it booting again.
endtext
kernel vmlinuz
append initrd=initrd.img inst.stage2=hd:LABEL=RHEL-7.0\x20Server.x86_64 rescue quiet
label memtest
menu label Run a ^memory test
text help
If your system is having issues, a problem with your
system's memory may be the cause. Use this utility to
see if the memory is working correctly.
endtext
kernel memtest
menu separator # insert an empty line
label local
menu label Boot from ^local drive
localboot 0xffff
menu separator # insert an empty line
menu separator # insert an empty line
label returntomain
menu label Return to ^main menu
menu exit
menu end
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